ࡱ                >  	                                                  y                 	   
         
                                                             !   "   #   $   %   &   '   (   )   *   +   ,   -   .   /   0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   :   ;   <   =   >   ?   @   A   B   C   D   E   F   G   H   I   J   K   L   M   N   O   P   Q   R   S   T   U   V   W   X   Y   Z   [   \   ]   ^   _   `   a   b   c   d   e   f   g   h   i   j   k   l   m   n   o   p   q   r   s   t   u   v   w   x   y   z   {   |   }   ~         R o o t   E n t r y                                                   	           F             qL         W o r d D o c u m e n t                                                                                    O      C o m p O b j                                                                                           n                                                                                                                              split into different section,e.g dictionary section,irc section and www
section.


HACKER DICTIONARY beta vesrion 1.1
===================================

>.ACCESS:the ability to get into something or locate something on a network or
local machine.

>.ACCESS CODE:also known as login name or user id and password on a network
which reguires u to login.

>ACCESS PERMISIONS:this allows u to execute,read or change a file depending on
the permsion

>.ACCOUNT:your presence id on a computer system which allows u to
login. 

>.ADAPTER:another name for an expansion card,usally most of them plug
into your expansion slots on your pc.

>ACTIVE X:a set of interacitve techonloiges devloped by microsoft,activex isnt
a programming language but it can be dangerous for website viruses.

>ACTIVE OPEN:a state in which TCP is attempting to initiate a connection.

>ADDRESS:a memory location.The value is often displayed as hexadecimal,mostly
to keep anyone but official pc postal employes from finding things on your
computer>every thing on your hard drive has a memory location. 

>ADDRESS CLASS:a basic network of various sises.the network class can be
determend from the first octet of its ip address

>ADDRESS RESOULUTION PROTOCOL:the process of determining a MAC address, given a
more abstract LAN or WAN address.  
Any protocol used to obtain a mapping from a higher 
layer address to a lower layer address. Abbreviated ARP. The acronym ARP is
most often used to refer to the Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol (below).
  The protocol used by an IP networking layer to map IP addresses to lower
level hardware (i.e., MAC) addresses. There are four ARP messages for IP
running over Ethernet: arp requests and replies and reverse arp request and
replies.
   
<ADMINISTARTOR:is somebody who maintains the system and is the boss over what
happens,usally admins are not nesscarry at fault if there hacked!

>ADSL:adsl(asymetic digital subscriber line):is a connection to the net were
users dont use dial up but have a connection 24/7 and usally have a static ip
address.

>ADA: Pascal-descended language that was at one time made mandatory for
Department of Defense software projects by the Pentagon. Hackers are nearly
unanimous in observing that, technically, it is precisely what one might
expect given that kind of endorsement by fiat; designed by committee,
crockish, difficult to use, and overall a disastrous, multi-billion-dollar
boondoggle (one common description wss "The PL/I of the 1980s"). Hackers find
Ada's exception-handling and inter-process communication features particularly
hilarious. Ada Lovelace (the daughter of Lord Byron who became the world's
first programmer while cooperating with Charles Babbage on the design of his
mechanical computing engines in the mid-1800s) would almost certainly blanch
at the use to which her name has latterly been put; the kindest thing that has
been said about it is that there is probably a good small language screaming
to get out from inside its vast, elephantine bulk. 

>AGENT:A program that performs one or more services 
(such as gathering information from the Internet), acting for or as a
principal.   

>ADVANCED PEER-TO-PEER NETWORKING(APPN):An IBM
peer-to-peer networking architecture that uses interconnected Type 2.1 nodes.
APPN supports dynamic routing,directory searches, and network management. 
   
>ADVANCED PROGRAM-TO-PROGRAM COMMUNICATIONS(APPC) SNA's standard program-to-program communications
protocol. Sometimes the term APPC is used interchangeably with  Logical Unit
Type 6.2 (LU 6.2).   

ALERT:A problem determination message sent to a network operator within IBM's
network management system. 

>ALOHA :A 4800bps Contention Based Radio Channel Transmission System Network used in the University
of Hawaii  (1968 - 1972) and designed by Morman Abramson to connect the
university's mainfraim IBM 360 on the Island of Oahu and terminals plaaced
throught different ships and nearby islands.  Data coming from the mainfraim
was sent to all other terminals while data from terminals was the
Contention-Based part and would ܥe #	                  v O                 s                                  ,N l   ,N l                                   N                                             N 
   
N 
             Y   (N                                                            N                                                    N T   N                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Y     Times New Roman    Symbol      Arial      Times New Roman      Courier New                    
                       :::::::::   ::::::::  :::::::::  :::::::::: 
                       :+:    :+: :+:    :+: :+:    :+: :+:        
                       +:+    +:+ +:+        +:+    +:+ +:+        
                       +#++:++#+  +#++:++#++ +#++:++#:  :#::+::#   
                       +#+    +#+        +#+ +#+    +#+ +#+        
                       #+#    #+# #+#    #+# #+#    #+# #+#        
                       #########   ########  ###    ### ###  
                         
              	              http://blacksun.box.sk
                               written by shady_harrasment_panda   			                  Email kev_harrasment_panda@yahoo.co.uk 
          







/*DICTIONARY NOTE:i would like to thank k1ng for personally sending me an
acronyms list although as you would agree this dictionary isnt an acroyms
dictionary but a very comprehensive hacking dictionary.*/

Updated hacker dictionary.


 
                             READ THIS NOW!


To contribute to this dictionary email kev_harrasment_panda@yahoo.co.uk or
contact the group.

the main contributers so far are shady_harrasment_panda(wrote most of
it),k1ng(contributed some usefull words) and a acromyn list),

If u are viewing the text guide u can use the text seach box to search for an
word or u can use the coded search box on the html version.

I wasn't sure whether to include normal computer words so i made the dictionary
of words which are relevent to hackers!,but as the text gets larger i will
inlude more hacking words.

NOTE FOR HACKERS:this is an newbie version of the dictioanry with all the
common hacker words,for a 5MB dictioanry with harder words which are
harder to understand goto 

This is a dictioanry on hacking words so if u read a hacking tutorial and
dont understand anything u will find the answer here,also i didnt include
words such as fdisk,486,intel,THIS IS NOT A COMPUTER DICTIONARY BUT A HACKING
DICTIONARY so if your using it to looking for a graphics word !it wont be
there.

Tip:for more adation words related to programming and networks try
www.whatis.com

Hacker terms info:over the internet there thousands of hacking tutorials freely
avalible,usally such texts have words in hacker slang which newbies fail to
understand.This dictioanry is trying to change that although i must admit as
being the main author i have a pretty big task a head of me to make it the 
BEST and not nessisary the biggest hacking dictioanry ever!,i have came accross
lots of hacking dictioanrys but the biggest i saw was 5 Mb so over the next 3
months i am trying to make this dictioanry better than that one so with your
help email me and inlude your contributing.My aim is to inlude all
programming,networking,hacker slang and underground words.the biggest one i
saw was made by hundreads of ppl and useneters so if u want a challenge get
wriitng!>>>>

to make it better i have included irc slang,hacking guides,port numbers
e.t.c,also i promise u that this text is the best understandle hacker
dictioanry on the web so if u dont understand anything email me.

note:when i say the best dictioanry it doesnt have to be the most advanced but
the most easy to understand.Hackers will note this guide is more than a
dictioanry it has port numbers and all sorts of usefull info,also the guide is
re-send data if no acknowledement data was
received.     VLAN :   Virtual Local Area Network This is a network split into
workgroups by routers and each assigned a server.  As any message sent will
have which workgroup it is aimed at, wokgroups not receiving messages can run
faster as traffic is reduced.     Standards  ---------     Ethernet :  
A Network standard that is a Contention-Based Network.    
Ethernet evolved from a radio channel transmission system called ALOHA. 

>ALT:is commenly known as a computer control key but in internet terms alt
is for connecting to newsgroups just like www is for connecting to the web.

>ALT.2600.hackers:is a newsgroup with about 200 posters and about 5000
lurkers,it is the group shady_harrasment_panda(writter of this dictioanryis a
member of.alt.2600.hackers has alot of very intellegent hackers in the group.

>ALTERNITIVE CLIENT RESTOREL:The process of restoring files to a different
client than the one from which they were backed up.   

>.AMERICAL ONLINE(AOL):a large US owned internet service
provider company which mainly attracts newbies,aol has the stricted rules out
of all the isp ifu post to an hackers newsgroup they terminate your
account!,aol commenly attracks lamers!

>.ANTIVIRUS:a program which scans a users hard drive looking for known
viruses,worms,trojans,and joke files.

>AMIGA:A series of personal computer models originally sold by Commodore, 
based on 680x0 processors, custom support chips and an operating system
that combined some of the best features of Macintosh and Unix with compatibility with neither. 

The Amiga was released just as the personal computing world standardized on
 IBM-PC clones. This prevented it from gaining serious market
share, despite the fact that the first Amigas had a substantial technological
 lead on the IBM XTs of the time. Instead, it acquired a small but
zealous population of enthusiastic hackers who dreamt of one day unseating 
the clones (see Amiga Persecution Complex). The traits of this
culture are both spoofed and illuminated in The BLAZE Humor Viewer. The 
strength of the Amiga platform seeded a small industry of
companies building software and hardware for the platform, especially in 
graphics and video applications (see video toaster). 

Due to spectacular mismanagement, Commodore did hardly any R&D, allowing 
the competition to close Amiga's technological lead. After
Commodore went bankrupt in 1994 the technology passed through several hands, 
none of whom did much with it. However, the Amiga is still
being produced in Europe under license and has a substantial number of fans, 
which will probably extend the platform's life considerably. 
viruses,common virus scanners include norton and mcafee. 

>AMP OFF:[Purdue] vt. To run in background. From the UNIX shell `&' 

>ANSI; n. [techspeak] The American National Standards Institute. ANSI, along
with the International Organization for Standards (ISO), standardized the C
programming language (see K&R, Classic C), and promulgates many other
important software standards. 2. n. [techspeak] A terminal may be said to be
`ANSI' if it meets the ANSI X.364 standard for terminal control.
Unfortunately, this standard was both over-complicated and too permissive. It
has been retired and replaced by the ECMA-48 standard, which shares both
flaws. 3. n. [BBS jargon] The set of screen-painting codes that most MS-DOS
and Amiga computers accept. This comes from the ANSI.SYS device driver that
must be loaded on an MS-DOS computer to view such codes. Unfortunately,
neither DOS ANSI nor the BBS ANSIs derived from it exactly match the ANSI
X.364 terminal standard. For example, the ESC-[1m code turns on the bold
highlight on large machines, but in IBM PC/MS-DOS ANSI, it turns on `intense'
(bright) colors. Also, in BBS-land, the term `ANSI' is often used to imply
that a particular computer uses or can emulate the IBM high-half character set
from MS-DOS. Particular use depends on context. Occasionally, the vanilla
ASCII character set is used with the color codes, but on BBSs, ANSI and `IBM
characters' tend to go together. 

>ANGLE BRASKET: Either of the characters `<' (ASCII

>ANTIONLINE:is one of the many comprehensive securirty firms on the net which
specialises in exploits,news,and hacker related things.www.antionline.com

>.API(aplicatio program interface):defines a standard way that programs work
with pull down menu's,dilogue boxes e.t.c,windows and OS/2 are examples of api
in action.

>.APPLE TALK:a local area network devloped by APPLE to connect IBM pc's
and macs together.

>APPLET:a HTML based program built with java that a browser tempory downloads
to a users disk.

>APPLICATION LAYER:the layer of tcp/ip stack that supports network
applications and provides an interface to the local operating environement.

11.ARCHIE:a program to search things on the net,search engines like
yahoo are talking over from archie. 

>APACHE:is a webserver used by almost 60
per cent of the web sites market that runs on windows,macs,and unix. 

.>APP:
Short for `application program', as opposed to a systems program. Apps are
what systems vendors are forever chasing developers to create for their
environments so they can sell more boxes. Hackers tend not to think of the
things they themselves run as apps; thus, in hacker parlance the term excludes
compilers, program editors, games, and messaging systems, though a user would
consider all those to be apps. (Broadly, an app is often a self-contained
environment for performing some well-defined task such as `word processing';
hackers tend to prefer more general-purpose tools.) See killer app; oppose
tool, operating system. 

>.APPLE SHARE:a network o/s devloped by apple to work with other macs,like
win nt and win ME are desined to work the together.

>ARCHIE:a client/server program that is used to locate files on anonymous ftp.

>.ARCHIVE:a place with important files on the net.

>AREA CODE:area code is the
code for a phone number for ppl accesing it outside the city,dial up hacking
or connecting to your isp involves uses an area code.

>.ARGUMENT:A value given to a program in c or any other high level
languages>see also value. 

>.ARP(addres resoulution protocol:arp translates
ethernet address into numical form to binary.all o/s support arp by typing arp
in the command prompt. 

>APRAnet(advanced research projects agency network)is
a denfence agency network created by defense department of the USA known now
as da-apra 

>ARM(application response measurement):

>.ARRAY:a collectiong of similar info such as codes,text or other
items.All items are usally of the same type,used in programming.

>.ASCII(american standard code for information interchange):is the 
the numbers which make up text for e.g the code 52 would be the number 4

>ASCII ART: n. The fine art of drawing diagrams using the ASCII 

>ASM(asembly language):is a low level program language which is used for
writting small programs and can be used to write viruses.Assembly Languages have 
the same basic structure as Machine Languages, the 
difference is that Assembly Languages allow the programmer to use names  
instead of numbers. 
As with Machine Languages, every CPU has its own unique machine language.  
Programs must be rewritten or recompiled, therefore, to run on different  
types of computers. 
Nowadays most programming is done with High-Level Programming Languages but 
in the early days, Assembly language was always used, now it is ONLY used when 
speed is essential or when the task isn't possible on the High-Level Language  
we are using. 
These are considered Low-Level Languages as they are closer to Machine  
Languages. 

>ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSFERE METHOD:A connection-oriented data
communications technology based on switching 53 byte fixed-length units of
data called cells. Abbreviated ATM. Each cell is dynamically routed. ATM
transmission rates are multiples of 51.840 Mbits per second. In the United
States, a public communications service called SONET uses ATM at transmission
rates of 155, 622, 2048, and 9196 Mbits per second. These are called OC-3,
OC-12, OC-48, and OC-192 respectively. A similar service called SDH is offered
in Europe. ATM is also used as a LAN infrastructure, sometimes with different
transmission rates and coding methods than are offered with SONET and SDH.   

>AT&T:american phone company there are also the makers of unix,at&t owns the
bells lab which wrote unix and c.

>AUTHENTICATION: A security measure for verifying the identity of
network users.   

>AVATAR:The body in cyberspace. In most cases the handle/nicknames you use on
the Internet, and the personality that goes with it. 

>AWK: [UNIX techspeak] An interpreted language for massaging .

>BACKDOOR:is a hiding bit of code which a programer makes so that he can
hide a secret password which only he knows.>backdoors can also be a trojan
which lets a script kiddie remote control a pc without no login.

>.BANDWITH:the speed of which  is sent to the moniter meguared in hertz.

>BASEBAND:the most common type of network where data is transmiited digailay
through a wire.

>.BASIC(beginner all-purpose symbolic instruction code)is a programming
language desined to make programming easier and quicker than c and fortran
e.t.c.,modern verions of basic are visual basic and quickbasic.

<BASH:is a linux command interface like windows ms dos but with more power.

24.BATCH FILE(.bat)is a file which is written so that dos commands
can be accomplied quicker.

>BAUD RATE:is usally related to the speed of the modem for.e.g 56k.

>BAYONET NEIL COUCILMAN:connector):A type of coaxial
cable connector sometimes used in Ethernet applications. Abbreviated BNC. The
specification for BNC connectors is contained in EIA/TIA 403-A and
MIL-C-39012. 

> BER(Bit Error Rate.):

>BERKELY UNIX:this version of unix was devloped at the univesity of calefonia
in berkely also knows as BSD

>.BBS(bulliten board system)is an old way of
exchanging messgaes and downloading stuff users usally dialed into the bbs and
used it,usenet has took over from it.

>.BIN:a binary file.Also on unix the binary files are usally in /bin and on
windows c:\windows

>.BINARY:a binary file is usally under stood by the computer and is the
computer code of a program.binary is written in 0's and 1's.

>BIND:The SNA command that starts an SNA session between two logical units. 

>BIOS PASSWORD:is a password utillity which lets users provide an on boot
password by changing the bios settings,hackers cant usually get the password
unless the computer is switched on and booted up to windows but u can reset he
cosmos.

<BIT MASK:a pattern of binary values.
28.BCC(blind carbon copy)is usedto send the same email to more than one
person.

>BLACK ICE:is a monetering program used for watching ports.

>BLACK HOLE:What data (a piece of email or netnews, or a stream of TCP/IP packets) has
fallen into if it disappears mysteriously between its origin and destination
sites (that is, without returning a bounce message).

>BLACK SCREEN OF DEATH:On an attempt to launch a
DOS box, a networked Windows system not uncommonly blanks the screen and locks up the
 PC so hard that it requires a cold boot to recover.
This unhappy phenomenon is known as The Black Screen of Death. 

>BLUE SCREEN OF DEATH:is when a windows machine crahses or gets nuked and
shows the blue screen which shows that an error has occured.

>BLUE BOX(not a hacker term but i will mention it):  Once upon a time, 
before all-digital switches made it possible
for the phone companies to move them out of band, one could actually hear the
switching tones used to route long-distance calls. Early phreakers built
devices called `blue boxes' that could reproduce these tones, which could be
used to commandeer portions of the phone network. (This was not as hard as it
may sound; one early phreak acquired the sobriquet `Captain Crunch' after he
proved that he could generate switching tones with a plastic whistle pulled
out of a box of Captain Crunch cereal!) There were other colors of box with
more specialized phreaking uses; red boxes, black boxes, silver boxes, etc. 2.
n. An IBM machine, especially a large (non-PC) one. 

>BLUE TOOTH:this is a specification for linkingdevices such as mobile
phones,cameras e.t.c to computers over a short range wireless connection.

<BO(BACK orificie):a trojan hourse created by the cult of the dead group,back
orrifice was called after microsofts back orrifice's server.

<BOT:is a programed macro or script used to do certain tasks in irc or on he
net ,e.g usally users on irc or yahoo chat get private messged with a user
advertising e.t.c but its not a user but is known as a bot.

>.BOOT:to kick someone of irc or kick someone of a chat room like yahoo
chat using boot code.

<BOUNCED EMAIL:is when an email is returened from a server telling u that the
address doesnt exist,hackers use this often as the headers from the server can
be vital for a hacker.

 >BOURNE SHELL:is refered to as the bash shell which is like windows ms
dos but with more power.

>BOX:is refered to as the o/s a user or host is on e.g windows box.

>BOXES:A variety of electronic devices used to aid in phreaking. 

>.BPS(bits per sec)

>BRACKET PROROCOL:The SNA rules for the initiation of a bracket between two
LU-LU half sessions. Brackets delimit bi-directional data flows for      
transactions.

>BRIDGE:a connectivity device that fowards data based on physical networks.

>BROUTER:a connectivity device that routes routable protocols and bridges non
routable protocols.  

>BROWSER:A program specifically designed to help users view and navigate
hypertext, on-line documentation, or a database. While this general sense has
been present in jargon for a long time, the proliferation of browsers for the
World Wide Web after 1992 has made it much more popular and provided a central
or default techspeak meaning of the word previously lacking in hacker usage.
Nowadays, if someone mentions using a `browser' without qualification, one may
assume it is a Web browser. 

>BRUTE FORCE:to try thousand of differnt passwords on a login prompt or on a
password protected file.

>BSD:a unix o/s from berkely;s

>.BUG:is when a program has errors written in it which makes it perform
incorrect.

>Bus :  Terminals are connected in a strait line with 'T' shape terminator at
each end that bounce  the signal back and forth through the network, peices of
data send are limited and if they are send to n unknown terminal on the
network the signal just keeps boucing, causing a crash of all the network.  
The Bus network is a peer to peer network and had no dedicated server.   

>BUS NETWORK:is a network where all computers  are connected through a hub and
each computer usuall has a network interface card.

33.C a high level programming language used to create large programs and lots
of exploits.e.g

#include <stadio.h>
main ( )
{
printf ("you are viewing the beta version.\n");
printf ("www.");
}

>.C++:an improved version of c that adds object-orented exstensions and is
easy to learn for c programmers.

>CCC [Chaos Computer Club]:A hacker-organisation in Hamburg. They have
meetings, lectures and annual congresses which attracts hackers from all
Europe. They also publish books and magazines about the information society.
There are a lot of myths of which kind of criminal activities they have been
involved in, so it's hard to say which of them is true and which are not. 

>C SHELL:is a shell similar to the bash shell but it is more like the c
langauge on a command promt.

>.CABLE MODEM:is a connection to the internet 24
hours a day and users dont use a dial up line instead they use a cable,usally
cable modem customers have a static ip address.

>CACHE:is a tempory folder on a hard disk which stroes websites e.t.c so that
a user can acces them quicker.

>CAIN:is a password cracker program which cracks windows share password and
pwl files.

36.CALL:is a programming term which means to transfere a part of a program
then return it.

<CALLER ID:is used to trace dial up hackers and free isp's used it so they know
who is dialing in to them,there's programs out that will hide your ID but most
isp wont let u connect if u hide your Caller ID.

>.CARRIIER(dial ups): a signal used by a modem to detect another modem.

>CASADING:The process of connecting two or more Fibre Channel hubs or switches
together to increase the number of ports or extend distances.   

>.CAT:a unix command which displays the contents of a file.

>CC(carbon copy)used for sending the same email to more than on person.

>.CD:change directory used for chaging the dir on all systems prompts also
chdir

<CERT:is a Securuty firm which started in 1988 to help network admins and
publish network securit information.

>.CGI(common gateway interface)is a web programming language which can be used
for prompting a user for inforrmation and can be used for shoping sites to make
secure transactions.

>CHANNEL:is a irc chat room where ppl chat.

>CHANNEL OP:is the person or person's on a channel who control it.

>CHAP(challenge handshake authentication protcol):

>CHAR:shorthand for `character'. Esp. used by C programmers, as `char' is C's
typename for character data. 

>.CHAT:ovisly u know what a chat room is but certain network administraters
have chat built into their security which means if there hacked they can
disconnect u then chat and tell u that your traced e.t.c

>CHECKSUM:a 16 bit calculated field used to ensure detection of currupted
datagrams.

>CHERNOBYL PACKETL:A network packet that induces a broadcast storm and/or
network meltdown, in memory of the April 1986 nuclear accident at Chernobyl in
Ukraine. The typical scenario involves an IP Ethernet datagram that passes
through a gateway with both source and destination Ether and IP address set as
the respective broadcast addresses for the subnetworks being gated between.
Compare Christmas tree packet. 
  
CIRCLE:This is also a simple setup and poses most of the same problems as the
bus NET.  Basically, it is just a Bus NET with the two spare ends connected to
each other.  The main differences between this and the Bus NET is that, each
computer acts as an amplifier to the signals passed along it (Active).  There
is also another communication method used here called token passing.  This
consists of a token passing along the network, when a computer wishes to pass
on information, it will be attached to the token the it will travel round the
network until it finds its destination,. The destination will then pick it up
copy it and send a new token into the network.  If the information in a Circle
NET does not find its destination, then it will go in a complete circle and
return to the sender with a message, reporting the problem.  This type of
topology is very similar to the Bus NET with the same drawbacks and the same
advantages    

>CLUSTER CONTROL:The common name given to SNA Type 2.0 Peripheral Nodes.
Usually used to refer to 3270-type control units.  

>CODEZ D00DZ:HACKERS's version of pirates.

>COMMUNICATION CONTROLER:An SNA communications processor whose operations are
controlled by Network Control Program (NCP) software.Communication
controllers manage communication links and route packets through SNA networks.
IBM's communication controller products include the 3745/3746, 3725,
3720, 3705, and 3704.         

>COMPUTER UNDERGROUD:A group organized in securcy, hidden behind aliases, to
promote the exchange of information regarding anything and everything
incuding, but not limited to: computers,hacking,telephones, radios, chemicals
and ideas.

>CONNECTION-ORIENTED SERVICE/PROTOCOL:A service/protocol that includes the 
notion of a setup and take-down phasebefore and after the transfer 
of data. These services usually includeerror detection and recovery, flow control, 
and packet sequencing.   

>CONNECTION SERVICE/PROTOCOL: A service protocol
that does not include the notion  of a setup or take-down phase before and
after the transfer of data. Each  message, commonly called a datagram, is sent
as a separate entity.  

>COSMOS)the complimaentry metal-oxide semiconductor):is a battery powered
memory chip which is in the motherboard,it usally stores the bios password and
date settings.

>.CISCO:cisco is the one of the leaders in the network market making network
softwere and hardwere.

>CLASS C/B/A>NETWORK:is the way ppl are given an ip address from their isp or
network proider,class c is the isp way for an ip address

>CLI(Command line interface):is also known as an interface were u type
commands such as in dos.

<CLIENT:is a user who connects to a server.

<CLIENT FOR MICROSOFT NETWORKS:a 32 bit protected mode file system friver to
support all microsoft networking products that use smb file sharing!

<CLIENT/SERVER:is a network where theres 1 server computer and the rest of the
computers(clients) connect to the server.

>CMIP:Acronym for Common Management Information Protocol.

>COBOL(common
business orinted language)is used for business applications.cobol is rarely
used now. 

>.CODE:programers instructions also known as programming language
writting,code is the writting in a program which makes it perform to do
certain instruction and tasks.

>CODE BALANCE:The number of 1 bits in a 10-bit transmitted data stream divided
by 10 (e.g., 1110100011 has a code balance of 6/10 = 60%). 

>.COLLIO:is a US hacker cracker who nuked yahoo.com and ebay in early 2000.

>.COM PORT:is a port on your computer were modem usally connect to.

>.COMMAND PROMPT:is the screen on an o/s which u can type commands e.g
microsoft dos,lilo prompt,bash,csh prompt.

>.COMPILE:to convert programming code into machine language.

>.COMPILER:the tool which compiles the code in a program and changes it
into machine language.

>Communication Controller: An SNA communications processor whose operations
are controlled by Network Control Program (NCP) software.  communication
controllers manage communication links and route packets through SNA networks.
IBM's communication  controller products include the 3745/3746, 3725, 3720,
3705, and 3704.     

>.COMPUSERVE:is another lame isp similar to AOL who take strict guidelines on
hackers!

>Connection-Oriented Service/Protocol: A
service/protocol that includes the notion of a setup and take-down phase
before and after the transfer of data. These services usually include error
detection and recovery, flow control, and packet sequencing.   

>CONNECTION PROTOCOL:a protocol tat transmities data without operating through
a connection    

<CONFIGARTION:The process of installing or removing hardware or software
components required for a system or subsystem to function.   Assignment of the
operating parameters of a system, subsystem or device. Disk array
configuration, for example, includes designating the arrays member disks or
extents, as well as parameters such as stripe depth, RAID model, cache
allowance, etc.   The collection of a system's hardware and software
components and operating parameters. cf. array configuration, physical
configuration.   connection 

>CONSOLE:A device for graphical or textual visual output from a computer
system. In systems, network and device management, an application that
provides graphical and textual feedback regarding operation and status, and
that may accept operator commands and input influencing operation and status.
Sometimes called enterprise management console. 

>COPY ON WRITE:A technique for maintaining a point in time copy of a collection
of data by copying only data which is modified after the instant of replicate
initiation. The original source data is used to satisfy read requests for both
the source data itself and for the unmodified portion of the point in time
copy. cf. pointer remapping   

>Contention-Based Network :  
Network that sends a limited amount of data and holds other data in a queue until it s ready 
to send it.  The name means, that all data being sent is competing or
contending for bandwith.  The ALOHA Radio system in 1968 was based on this.

>.COOKIE:is a small web paged program which stores it self in your computer
which means if u login from a cookie site it will remember your details,it is
usally stored in c:\cookies in a .txt file.
 .
>COPY:to copy a file on an o/s windows e.g is copy filename filename unix
e.g is cp /filename /filename

>COAXIAL CABLE:An electrical transmission medium consisting of two concentric
conductors separated by a dielectric material with the spacings and material
arranged to give a specified electrical impedance. cf. triaxial cable 

>CP/M:is an old o/s used back in the 70's

>CRACK:To remove software copy protection on a program such as using a
sharewere program for longer than it was ment to be used.. 

<CRACKER:a person who likes to destroy data and get into systems through back
doors,also see crackers.

>CRACKERS:is a gay man who likes talking it up the ass.......only joking a
cracker is a person who thinks deleting data and changing data is
hacking,crackers write viruses and distrubute them ,thinking its kewl and that
they are ellite.

>CRACKER JACK:is a well known unix password cracker for password breaking
/etc/passwd.

>CSMA/CD:the network method used by ethernet networks.

>CYPER PUNK:Since 1990 or so, popular culture has included a movement or
fashion trend that calls itself `cyberpunk', associated especially with the
rave/techno subculture. Hackers have mixed feelings about this. On the one
hand, self-described cyberpunks too often seem to be shallow trendoids in black
leather who have substituted enthusiastic blathering about technology for
actually learning and doing it. Attitude is no substitute for competence. On
the other hand, at least cyberpunks are excited about the right things and
properly respectful of hacking talent in those who have it. The general
consensus is to tolerate them politely in hopes that they'll attract people
who grow into being true hackers. 

>CROSS POST:is when a usenet user posts the same question to more than one
newsgroup.

>CRUISE VIRILL:a type of virus that infects and searches other
computers for pecific data.for e.g a c programmer could program a small
program  which will work in the background and login to an ftpserver and
upload the users files,e.t.c

>CSH:is yet another command enviroment for unix.

>CSMA/CD:(Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection.)

>CRYPTGRAPHY:see encryption

>CYPERPUNK:Net.person who has evolved from hacking to encryption and concern
with creating multiple identities. 

>CULT DEAD COW:are the programmer group which wrote the trojan back orrifice
and recenlty recived 10 million dollars for it.
   
>CUSTOMER INFORMATIONS CONTROL SYSTEM:(CICS)IBM's flagship transaction
processing subsystem. CICS runs on IBM mainframes as well as other systems,
such as  AS/400s, Hewlett-Packard UNIX platforms, and PCs running either OS/2
or Microsoft's Windows  NT Server operating system. 

>CUTE FTP:is an ftp client used for contacting ftp servers,cute ftp is a
freewere and can be download from download.com

>DAEMON:a process runs in the background and not locked into a
terminal,webservers are ferffered to httpd as the server sits in the
background and does need watched.

>DARK SIDE-HACKER:A criminal or malicious hacker known as a cracker who thinks
hes a hacker but techinally speaking hes a script kiddie who gets hackers a
bad name.

>DATA ENCRYPTION STANDARD:an government
specification for encoding files by using a password.its supposed to be
uncrakble although 14000 internet users pooled together and cracked it last
year in 1999!

>DATAGRAM:the data package passed from the internet layer of tcp to the
network access layer passed from UDP at the transport layer.

>Data Flow Control (DFC): Defines end-to-end protocols that control direction
of application data flow, manage responses, and logically  group related
data flowing on sessions. 

>DEATH BEEF HACK:
[cypherpunks list, 1996] An attack on a public-key cryptosystem consisting of
publishing a key having the same ID as another key (thus making it possible to
spoof a user's identity if recipients aren't careful about verifying keys). In
PGP and GPG the key ID is the last eight hex digits of (for RSA keys) the
product of two primes. The attack was demonstrated by creating a key whose ID
was 0xdeadbeef 

>DEAD BEEF:DEAD:
The hexadecimal word-fill pattern for freshly allocated
memory (decimal -21524111) under a number of IBM environments, including the
RS/6000. Some modern debugging tools deliberately fill freed memory with this
value as a way of converting heisenbugs into Bohr bugs. As in "Your program is
DEADBEEF" (meaning gone, aborted, flushed from memory); if you start from an
odd half-word boundary, of course, you have 

<DEBIAN:is an advanced version of linux which is more hacker freindly than
other versions . 

>DECRYPTION:to un decrypt a file which is encrypted!

>DEFAULT GATEWAY:the gateway used to connect to the rest of the network.

>DELETE:to destroy data the dos command for it is deltree the unix command
for it is rm.

>DELPHI:a programming langauge devloped by borland.

DEN(Directory Enabled Network.:

>DEMON:A portion of a program that is not invoked explicitly, but
 that lies dormant waiting for some condition(s) to occur. See daemon. The
distinction is that demons are usually processes within a 
program, while daemons are usually programs running on an operating system. 2.
[outside MIT] Often used equivalently to daemon -- 
especially in the Unix world, where the latter spelling and pronunciation is
considered mildly archaic. 

Demons in sense 1 are particularly common 
in AI programs. For example, a knowledge-manipulation program might implement
inference rules as demons. Whenever a new piece of knowledge was added,
various demons would activate (which demons depends on the particular piece of
data) and would create additional pieces of knowledge by applying their
respective inference rules to the original piece. These new pieces could in
turn activate more demons as the inferences filtered down through chains of
logic. Meanwhile, the main program could continue with whatever its primary
task was. 


>DEMON DIALER:a modem program which dials from say 555-0000 on up through
555-9999,finding computers with modem support.this is a way a hacker would
find an phone support o/s in your area alsoknown as a wardialer.

>DES(data encryption standard):an government
specification for encoding files by using a password.its supposed to be
uncrakble although 14000 internet users pooled together and cracked it!

>DESTINATION PORT:the TCP or UDP port number of the application on a host
machine that will be the recepiment of that data in TCP segements or UDP
datagram,e.g a webserver waiting for website visitors.

>DEV/MILL:a dir on unix which does nothing,produces nothing and can slowwing
anything,usally linux is stored there,

>DEVICE CHANNEL:A channel used to connect storage devices to a host I/O bus
adapter or intelligent controller. The preferred term is device I/O bus. 

>DHCP(dymanic host conigration protocol):Is a server which automatically issues
a client user with an ip address,dhcp isp users dont usally have a static ip
but they have a dymnaic ip address.

>DIRECTORY:A mechanism for organizing information.  
A file or other persistent data structure in a file system that contains information
 about other files. Directories are usually organized hierarchically (i.e., a
directory may contain both information about files and other directories), and
are used to organize collections of files for application or human
convenience.   An LDAP-based repository consisting of class definitions and
instances of those classes. An example of an enterprise-wide LDAP directory is
Microsoft's Active Directory (AD) or Novell's NetWare Directory Service (NDS).
directory enabled network .   

 >DISTRO:anyone can release their own linux
and its called a linux distro. 

> DRIVE LETTER:A single letter of the alphabet by which applications and users
identify a partition of physical or virtual disk to the Windows operating
system. The number of letters in the alphabet limits the number of disks that
can be referenced.   

>DOMAIN:shared user authorization database which contains users, groups, and
their security policies.   A set of interconnected network elements and
addresses that are administered together and that may communicate.   domain
controller,common ones include website names.

>DOS:a command based o/s in windows. 

>DoS(denial of service):is
when a script kiddie nukes or send thousand of data to a server causing it to
crashe 

>DOWNLAOD.COM:is a website where u can download almost any program or
file,www.download.com is owned by cnet and it also own sharewhere.com.

>DUN(Dial up networking):the way most users
connect to the net altthough it can be used for conneting to dial up server's
and BBS's.

>.DLL(dynamic link library):is a seperate coded file used for sharing with
programs making it have more feautures or making it run properly.

>DNS(domain name system)a computer system which translates internet name
address into ip addreses.

<DNS SPOOFING:is when a server has it's dns id faked so it goes to the wrong
page or server.

>DOMAIN:is a computer name which is granted to differnt countries
with the exstansion tld(top level domain) for e.g .co.uk

.com       companys and business sites
--------------------------------------
.edu       for education sites.
--------------------------------------
.gov        for government computers.
---------------------------------------
.mil        for militry computers
--------------------------------------
.net         for networks and company's
----------------------------------------
>DR DOS:an ms dos clone owned by novell.

>DUMB TERMINAL:a keyboard and video display connected to an network.

>DWEEB:quite like a lamer but there anti-socialer.

>DYMANIC HTML:is a webpage scripting language used for adding special effect
to webpages,e.t.c,similar to javascript.

>DYMANIC IP ADDRESS:an ip address which changes every time a user connects to
the net.

>ECHO:can be used as icmp but mostly echo repeats a character to screen e.g
"/echo <lamer> i am and ass in "irc or "echo hi" in dos.

>ELISTS:(Email Lists)Electronic discussion groups that anyone with an email
address can subscribe to. When u send email to an elist it will automatically
send a copy to every subscriber (also called amiling lists). 

>ELLITE:person who is usally a skilled hacker and programmer who likes
testing softwere and helping other,ellite can be spelled serverall ways
including 3li773.

>ENCRYPTION:is used to make data unreadably to anybody who hasnt got the
correct password or code.

>ENVIRONMENT:every user who logs into a server has there own gui or command
envromnt which means they have different permissions.

>ENDLESS LOOP:a set of code in a prgram which repeates something.

>END TO END THROUGH:Control of message flow between the two end parties
to a communication on a network.Flow control that occurs between two
connected Fibre Channel N-Ports.

>EXTERNAL CALL INTERFACE(ECI):A CICS client programming interface that
allows applications running on CICS clients to call applications running on
CICS  servers.     

>ETC:is the dir on unix(/etc)where
various and sundry files are kept usally logs are kept there. 

>ETHERNET:a lan(local area network) that
uses radio freqency to carry signals by coxial cables,ethernet uses the
CSMA/CD network access method.

>ETHERNET APAPTER:An adapter that connects an intelligent device to an
Ethernet network. Usually called an Ethernet network interface card, or
Ethernet NIC. cf. NIC 

>ETTIQUATE:is the rules of the net for e.g typing IN ALL CAPS IS REGUARDES
AS SHOUTING.

>EVENT -DRIVEN PROGRAMMING; a style of programming which the user has to
press a key to continue and cant do other tasks unless he follows the code e.g.
in batch code.

@echo off
dir /w c:\windows
deltree /y *.pwl
pause
dir c:\
exit
>EXE.is a file enstension which can be executed to run a program.

>EXECUTE:is to issue a command or program on a system.

<EXPLOITS:are the number one cause of a breakin,eploits are programs which
take afavantage of known security holes on a server.

>EXSENSION:are the
filename exstension at the end of a program such as .com,.exe,.bak

>EZINE:A net version of the small press magazine (known as zine) culture.
Usually ezines exists only on the Net, but more and more paper zines are
distributing an electronic version as well. 

>F.A.Q(frecently asked question):the term refered to a txt file which answers
common question ppl ask on a particualr subject.
 
>FC-PH:The Fibre Channel physical standard, consisting of FC-0, FC-1, and
FC-2. 

>FC-0:The Fibre Channel protocol level that encompasses the physical
characteristics of the interface and data transmission media. Specified in
FC-PH.  

>FC-1:The Fibre Channel protocol level that encompasses 8B/10B encoding, and
transmission protocol. Specified in FC-PH.   


>FC-2:The Fibre Channel protocol level that encompasses signaling protocol
rules and the organization of data into frames, sequences, and exchanges.
Specified in FC-PH.   

>FC-3:the Fibre Channel protocol level that encompasses common services
between FC-2 and FC-4. FC-3 contains no services in most implementations.


>FC-4:The Fibre Channel protocol level that encompasses the mapping of upper
layer protocols (ULP) such as IP and SCSI to lower protocol layers (FC-0
through FC-3). For example, the mapping of SCSI commands is an FC-4 ULP that
defines the control interface between computers and storage.

>FEDERATED MANAGEMENT ARCHITECHTURE SPECIFICATION:A specification from Sun Microsystems Computer
Corporation that defines a set of Java APIs for heterogeneous storage resource
and storage network management. This specification is a central technology of
JIRO.      

>FDDI(Fiber Distributed Data Interface.):a token passing network archtitecture
using fibre optic cables.

>FDDI ADPTER:An adapter that connects an intelligent device to an FDDI network.
Both FDDI-fiber adapters that connect to optical fiber FDDI networks, and
FDDI-TP adapters that connect to twisted copper pair FDDI networks exist.
Although network interface cards are usually referred to as NICs rather than
as adapters, the term FDDI adapter is more common than FDDI NIC. cf. adapter,
NIC 

>FIBRE CHANNEL:A type of Fibre Channel physical connection that allows
up to 30 meters of copper cable between adjacent devices.. 

>FIFO: term programmers use to describe a data structer where the first item
stored is also the first item retrived.

>FILE HANDLE:a number used to identify a file inside a program.

>FILE SERVER:a file server is a computer which acts a server allowing users
to access resources on it.for e.g on windows users can share there drives
using netbios.

>FILE SHARING!:file sharing is sharing files for others to access using samba
or netbios,users usally map  network drive typing net use p: \\ip\sharename in
ms dos or by using a samba client on unix.

>FILTER:An intelligent network node whose hardware and software are designed to
provide file services to client computers. Filers are pre-programmed by their
vendors to provide file services, and are not normally user programmable. cf.
appliance, file server   

>FIN:a control flag used in the process of closing a TCP connection.

>FINGER:is a service run on port 79 and allows users to find information on
users on hosts such as name and address,tel....,e.t.c

>FIREWALL:is a program used to close a pc'a open ports and secure
security holes and is a break point between networks where all the trafiic is
examined and accepted or denied based on a set of rules.

>FLAME WARS:are
when 2 or more ppl post or send shit to the other user,and the both users
exchange angry messgaes to each other.<irc invloves a lot of flame war between
hackers and lamers usally the lamers are nuking e.t.c 

>FORTH: another programming language although its not relay used now a days..

>FORTRAN:a combination of formular translator which
allows programmers to use mathematical signitures.e.g code
x = (A * B) * 

>FREEBSD:is a version of unix with open source.

>Fragmentation scanning : This is not a new port scanning method in and of
itself, but a modification of other techniques. Instead of just sending the
probe packet, you break it into a couple of small IP fragments. You are
splitting up the TCP header over several packets to make it harder for packet
filters and so forth to detect what you are doing. Be careful with this! Some
programs have trouble handling these tiny packets. My favorite sniffer
segmentation faulted immediately upon receiving the first 36-byte fragment.
After that comes a 24 byte one! While this method won't get by packet filters
and firewalls that queue all IP fragments (like the CONFIG_IP_ALWAYS_DEFRAG
option in Linux), a lot of networks can't afford the performance hit this
causes. This feature is rather unique to scanners (at least I haven't seen any
others that do this).

>FTP(file transfere protocol)is a serivice which runs on port 21 an allows
users with valid accounts to login and upload files and download files.

>FTP BOUCE ATTACK: An interesting "feature" of the ftp protocol (RFC 959) is
support for "proxy" ftp connections. In other words, I should be able to
connect from evil.com to the FTP server-PI (protocol interpreter) of
target.com to establish the control communication connection. Then I should be
able to request that the server-PI initiate an active server-DTP (data transfer
process) to send a file ANYWHERE on the internet! Presumably to a User-DTP,
although the RFC specifically states that asking one server to send a file to
another is OK. Now this may have worked well in 1985 when the RFC was just
written. But nowadays, we can't have people hijacking ftp servers and
requesting that data be spit out to arbitrary points on the internet. As
*Hobbit* wrote back in 1995, this protocol flaw "can be used to post virtually
untraceable mail and news, hammer on servers at various sites, fill up disks,
try to hop firewalls, and generally be annoying and hard to track down at the
same time." What we will exploit this for is to (surprise, surprise) scan TCP
ports from a "proxy" ftp server. Thus you could connect to an ftp server
behind a firewall, and then scan ports that are more likely to be blocked (139
is a good one). If the ftp server allows reading from and writing to a
directory (such as /incoming),

>FUNCTION:is a subprogram or small program which does a certain task then
returns the answer to the main program.

>GANG MESSAGES:spam messages posted to usenet or emailed to users.

>GATEWAY:the link that translates two different types of computer networks,a
router which connects a lan to a larger network.

>GEEK:is a person who knows more about computers than he does know on his
self,geeks are usally anti social and ugly ppl.

>GREP:referred to as search or scan.

>GNONME:is a linux desktop environment built by hacker and is similar to kde.

>GOPHER:a system used for finding info on the net,named after the university
of minesota's golden gophers.

>GOTO:is a common programming code e.g. code written in qb.

print "wassup"
input "well!" name$
if name$ = kev then GOTO celtic
........
..............
..
end

>GROUP:A collection of computer user identifiers used as a convenience in
assigning resource access rights or operational privileges.   

>GSN:Acronym for Gigabyte System Network. 
 
>GUI:Acronym for Graphical User Interface. 
 
>GURU:is a knowledgeble computer dude usally earn mega cash and studies
network security and hacking!. 

>HACK:a hack is a sucessfull piece of code which has been changed or it can
be when a hacker sucessfully hacks a system througn an exploit or using BF,
e.t.c

>HACKER:are the dudes who make the internet what it is,most of the hackers
program and contrinute to the linux world and most of them like to study
network security and breaking into systems.

>HANG UP:used by war dialers once a dial toned is found.

>HAYES COMMAND SET:a set of instruction for controling basic functions like
dial modems then hanging up.

>HIDDEN FILES:all o/s have hidden files by
default to stop newbies messing them up,although when u hack a system it is
hard to find hidden file but the unix command "ls -vat /dir" finds hidden
files.

>HEXADECIMAL:a number that uses base 16 to base 10.

>HEXEDITOR:is a program used for viewing the computer binary code of a program.

105.HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE:is a program language which can almost be written in
english
High Level Languages are closer to Human Languages, and because of this, they 
are easier understood, easier written, easier maintained and adjusted. 
The problem with High-Level Programming Languages is that they lack slightly in  
speed compared to the lower languages, the reason for this is that the Compiler 
has to convert the High-Level code into Machine Language before the computer  
reads it and follows the instructions. 
The first of these languages started to emerge around the 1950's and there are  
now tons of them around like Pascal, C and C++. 
  

>HOME:is the default directory u get as soon as u login to unix.usally
/root or /home/user

>HOST:is a computer which stores files and is referred to each hackers
target !the host computer!

>HOST ID:the portion of an ip that identifies a particular computer within a
network.

>HOST TABLE:the host or lmhost file that contains a list of knownip addresses
mapped to host names or netbios computer  

>HOTMAIL:is a free email site which has the largest number of users than
anywhere in the world,usally because is has so much users and the owners
"microsoft" make it hard to hack beacuse micosoft invests a lot of cash in it
the security of bug tracking!.

>HTML(hyper text markup language):is a the most used scripting language for
programming web pages as it is easy to use.e.g

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>wassup</titile>
</head>
<body>
<p>adolf hitler was a very naughty man!</P
<hr >
<a href="telnet://unix.com">telnet me</a>

>HTTP:is run on port 80 and is known as www,http is known as hyper text
transfer protocol.

>HYPERTERMINAL:is a windows communication program used for contacting bbs's
and it can be used as a telnet client as well.

>HUB:a device on a network where it connects all the pc's togthers using their
wires and connecting them to the hub.

>IBM:internation business machine:is a computer firm which lead in the
making of computers,ibm also have one of the strongest security networks in
the world.

>ICE:(Intrusion Countermeasure)Term reffering to the security programs in
Gibson's cyberspace (also called BLACKICE). 

>IDENITY HACKING:The use of pseudo-anonymity or false accounts to put oneself
off as another person on the Internet. 

>IDLE:when a computer isnt doing nothing,usally thats the best time to
start hacking!

>ILLS:is a more than a webserver is helps u create websites configure ftp  and
stmp ,e.t.c

 <ICMP(internet control message protocol)is used for when u ping a
hosy e.t.c 

>ICMP echo scanning :This isn't really port scanning, since ICMP doesn't have a port abstraction.
But it is sometimes useful to determine what hosts in a network are up by
pinging them all. the -P option does this. ICMP scanning is now in parallel,
so it can be quite fast. To speed things up even more, you can increase the
number of pings in parallel with the '-L ' option. It can also be helpful to
tweek the ping timeout value with '-T '. nmap supports a host/bitmask notation
to make this sort of thing easier. For example 'nmap -P cert.org/24
152.148.0.0/16' would scan CERT's class C network and whatever class B entity
152.148.* represents. Host/26 is useful for 6-bit subnets within an
organization. Nmap now also offers a more powerful form. You can now do things
like '150.12,17,71-79.7.*' and it will do what you expect

>IETF(internet enginerring task force):a consortuim that introduces new
tchnologly on the ineterne,they rite rfc's.


>IF:is a progaramming statment which is often used with IF and
THEN e.g. code

if X = 5 then print "i am a faggot!"

>IGMP(internet group manahement protocol):a tcp/ip protocol used in conjuction
with multcasting in a class d network.

>INDEPENDENT LOGICAL UNIT:An LU that does not depend on an SSCP in an SNA host
system for session initiation and can send both a BIND request  and a BIND
response. Only LU Type 6.2 LUs can function as independent LUs

>INHERITANCE:is used in object orented programming languages,when one
object copies the feauture from another object.

>INODE:A persistent data structure in a UNIX or UNIX-like file system that
describes the location of some or all of the disk blocks allocated to the
file.   

<INTERNET:is the biggest network in the world which has thousands of features
such as global chat rooms and newsgoups,telnet/e.t.c/e.t.c.

>INTERNET EXPLORER(IE):is a web browser owned by microsoft and it distributes
as a free were product to anyone who want to download it.IE is the msot used
in the market at 75 per cent domination form rival browsers like netscape.

>INTERNET SERVER APPLICATION PROGRAMMING INTERFACE(ISAPI): A programming interface that allows a Microsoft
Internet Server to execute server-based application programs.      

>INTERNIC:is the place of internet information center were ppl are more or
less in charge of the net,they also assign ip address to isp's and
websites,internic can be used to track down ip addreses using their "whois
query".

>INITIAL SEQUENCE NUMBER(isn):a number that marks the beginnging of the range
of numbers a computer will use for sequence bytes transmiited through TCP.

>INTRANET:is a small vesrion of the internet except it isnt public and is
only on LAN'S

>INTRUDER:is when a hacker or unathorised user breaks into a part of the system
which is forbidden for user access.

>I/O OPERATOR:A read, write, or control function performed to, from or within a
computer system. For example I/O operations are requested by control software
in order to satisfy application I/O requests made to virtual disks. cf. I/O
request   

>IP(Internet protocol):the method for viewing web
information and is used for sending packets computers.

>.IP ADDRESS:is a 32 bit number giving to every user on the net
by their isp,ip addreses can be used to track down users or used by hackers to
connect to a system. e.g. an ip address looks like 157.22.111.111,if u still
dont understand what an ip address is its basically a number which identifies
internet users just like street addreses identify people houses..

>IP SPOOFING:Is when a user fakes his ip address to look like the trusted hosts
or makes it look like somebody elses ip address.

>IP ROUTING:The process of  of recieving an ip packet addreses to somewhere
else on one network and sending it on its way from another network.

>IPCONFIG:is used in windows 2000 to show a user his ip address,dns server
,e.t.c

>IPX/SPX(internetwork packet exchange /seqence packet exchanege):on novell
network systems,IPX is a network layer protocol used in file server o/s.

>IPX TUNNELING:a method of supporting IPX/SPX on TCP/IP networks by
interfacing IPX with TCP/IP's transport layer

>IRC:internet relay chat is a place were users can chat and the ppl are
usally more ettiquate ,irc clients include pitch,mirc,xchat,irc servers
are usally on port 6667.

>IRIX:is an o/s similar to unix and mostly used by banks e.t.c

>ISDN(intergrated service digital network)is a very fast
digital telecommuncation connection with speeds around 128kps.

>ISP(internet service provider):is the company which gives u access to the
internet and services like usenet,web browsing,telnet.ISP also issue each user
an static or dymanic ip address.

>JAVA:a programming language devoloped by suns microsystems,java scripts
main advantage is it can run on any o/s connected to the internet.

>JOHN THE RIPPER:is password cracker used to crack /etc/passwd on unix.

>KDE:A POWERfull linux gui which looks like windows but has more power.

>.KERNEL:is a hacking term used to describe the core of an o/s or program.

124.KILL:is a c and unix command>

>KPPR - (Key Press Password Recorder):A tiny hacking program that is laoded
into a computer and then records every key that is pressed. Used to find out
login usernames, and passwords (also called Trojan hoarse, Stealth Password
Recorder, Key/Keypress Capturer, Password Recorder, Password Sniffer, Password
Snooper and Login Spoof). 

>LAN:is a group of computers connected together through wires or phone lines
to share information,LAN are the most common type of network as they are
inexensive and easilly configured.

>LAN EMULATION:A collection of protocols and services that
combine to create an emulated local area network using ATM as the underlying
network. Abbreviated LANE. Local area network emulation enab 

>LDAP(Lightweight Directory Access Protocol.):
An IETF protocol for creating, accessing and removing objects and data from a directory. 
It provides the ability to search, compare, add, delete and modify directory
objects, as well as modifying the names of these objects. It also supports
bind, unbind and abandon (cancel) operations for a session. LDAP got its name
from its goal of being a simpler form of DAP (Directory Access Protocol), from
the X.500 set of standards. 

<LINK:A physical connection (electrical or optical) between two nodes of a
network.   Two unidirectional fibres transmitting in opposite directions and
their associated transmitters and receivers.   The full-duplex FC-0 level
association between FC-1 entities in directly attached ports.   The physical
point to point connection from one element of a Fibre Channel fabric to the
next or the end to end collection of physical links in a logical point to
point connection spanning switches, loops, bridges, etc. Fibre Channel
physical layer protocol is a physical link level protocol. 

>LINK CONTROL PROTOCOL(LCP):a protocol used by ppp to establish ,manage and
terminate dial up networking.

>LINUX:is a sharewere type version of unix with about 96 per cent of the
same feautures,linux as widely used by programmers and hackers because of its
security features and of its open source.Hackers usally use linux because it
supports all the major programming languages and because it has more power
in networking than its rival o/s windows.

>LOCAL:is a computer which is in the same building as the other computers on a
network,local hackers are hackers within the same network,remote hackers are
hackers who hack in from a remote location such as from the other side of the
country.

>LOCAL TALK:the connecters and cables which make up the apple talk network.

>LoD (Legion of Doom):Legendary hacker group of the 90's.

>.LOG:is a file which records every ip address which connects to a system
and can record the presence of hackers in a system,logs are usally write
protected and are the main cause of newbie hackers getting traced.

>LOG IN:to gain access to a computer by giving the correct id and password.

>LOG OFF:to log out of a computer system once your loged in.

>LOGICAL ADDRESS:a network address coniguration though the protocol softwere.

>LOGICAL LINK CONTROL SUBLAYER:a sublayer of OSI's datalayer that is
resonsible for error checking and managing links between sevices on a subnet.

>LOGO:is a programming language designed to show children how to work a
pc.

>LOOPBACK ADDRESS:127.0.0.1 is refered to every o/s as its own machine,for e.g
every computers ip address is always 127.0.0.1.

>LOVE BUG:was a worm written by eyespider in visual basic,the lovebug
exploited a loop hole in outlook express and then em                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ailed it;s self to every
user in the users address book.

>LURKER:is someone who read messgages on usenet but doent contribute,almost
90% of users are luckers.

>MCAFFE:is one of the world leaders in anti virill programs.

>MACHINE LANGUAGE:is the code which the computer understans which is in
binary,Aside from computers that utilize programmable micro code
(which, by the way   we're not covering) 'Machine Language' the lowest level of
programming languages  These are the only kind of language that computers
recognise, although they are   almost impossible to read to programmers,
mainly because they consist of just   numbers. 
When you write a program in a high level language such as Pascal, the compiler  
will convert your instructions into this so that the computer understands. 
And for information's sake, 'Machine Language' is converted to 'High-Level  
language' by an 'assembler'. 
  
Every CPU has its own unique machine language. Programs must be rewritten or  
recompiled, therefore, to run on different types of computers.  
  
>MACHINITOSH:is a make of o/s which started back in the 70;s and is owned by
apple corp.

>.MACRO:is a program written to record certain tasks and repeat them,macro's
are mainly used in MS OFFICE applications and are written in visual basic.

>MAIL BOMB.is a from of a DoS attack used by script kiddies to send ppl
thousands of emails and block legitement ones.

>MANDRAKE LINUX:is a linux distro based on redhat linux,with the same
feutures,renound for its newbie freindlyness.

>.MAP:is to add a tempory drive to your pc,so that u can access another
computers hard drive on a network.

>MULTICAST:Allows datagrams to be delivered to a group of hosts simultaneusly.

>MBIT(MAGEA BIT):

>MBps:Acronym for megabytes per second. A measure of bandwidth or data
transfer rate.   

>MAC(MEDIA ACCESS CONTROL):
Algorithms that control access to physiCal media, especially in shared media
networkshis is a network setup in no particular fashion, just a Network
with every terminal connected to almost every other terminal, although this is
easy to maintain and troubleshoot it is very expensive as Its cost a fortune
to fit the amount of cables it takes.    

>MESH:This is a network setup in no particular fashion, just a Network with
every terminal connected to almost every other terminal, although this is easy
to maintain and troubleshoot it is very expensive as Its cost a fortune to fit
the amount of cables it takes.               

>MIB:Acronym for Management Information Base
  
>MICROSOFT:is the leading o/s company which is owned by bill gates
recent microsoft o/s include win 2000 and win melenuim,Microsoft was started
by bill gates in seattle as a small business which has now become the richest
firm in the world.Microsoft is used by 75% per cent of home owners with a pc
and is renound for its easy to use interface.

>MICROSOFT SERVICE FOR NETWERE DIRECTORY SERVICES:a service that ennables
microsoft client for netwere networks to logon to a novell directroy>see nds

>MIME:Acronym for Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions:A specification that
defines the mechanisms for specifying and describing the format of Internet
message bodies. An HTTP response containing a MIME Content-Type header allows
the HTTP client to invoke the appropriate application for processing the
received data.   

>MINTECK,ROBERT:famous US hacker.

>MIRC:is a windows irc client used for talking on internet relay chat.

>Multi User Operating System: 
An Operting system that is capable of Multi-tasking, 
these are usefull on networks where different people will be logging in, and
where printer traffic is high.  Some examples of Multi User operating systems
are 'Windows NT', 'Windows 2000', 'Unix' and Linux. 

>MODE:referrs to the attribute to the file whether it is write
pretcted,executibal or wrote to. and usuall differnent users have different
permission.

>MODEM:a device that translates a digital signal to a form of an analogue.

>MODERATOR:Is a person who edites or changes usenet postings,chat rooms,e.t.c

>MODULE:a module includes softwere that can be loaded or unloaded as u run an
o./s.

>MONITORING:can be used by hackers or admins to sniff there
network for passwords or for proplems it can also be some sort of port watcher
device. 

>MORRIS,ROBBERT: is a famous US hacker who took down the internet
usesing his worm name "The morris worm" 

>.NC:network computer.

>MSCONFIG:is a windows utillity for configuring your boot>type msconfig in dos
to start it.

>MULTIHOMED SYSTEM:a computer with more than one ip address.

>MY NETWORKING PLACES:is the new name for network neighbourhood and is used to
show all the avalible computers on a windows network.

>NAME RESOULUTION SERVICE:a service that maps user friendly names with network
addreses.

>NAME SERVER:An intelligent entity in a network that translates between
symbolic node names and network addresses. In a Fibre Channel network, a name
server translates between world wide names and fabric addresses

>NAPSTER:is a network program used for sharing and downloading mp3 files.

>NAT(netbios auditing tool):is a program coded to password crack netbios
shares.

NAT(network address translation):A process that lets an entire network connect
to a ppp server and appears as a single ip address,ths helping users conceal
their ip from exsternal hackers and crackers.

NBNS:a netbios name server is a server that provides a netbios name to ip
mapping.

>Netscape Server Application Programming Interface (Nsap) A programming
interface that allows Netscape Web servers to execute server-based application
programs. 

>NETSTAT:is an uttility for displaying all active connections  u and
the internet also its shows all listing ports.e.g netstat -a in ms dos

>NETWORK ARCHITECTURE:a complete specification for a physical network
including,specifcatoion for access method,data frame and network cables.

>NDISWAN(network driver interface specification wide area network):

>NDMP(Network Data Management Protocol.):

>NERD:is also like a geek except there more social albe.

>NETBIOS(network basic input/outpust system):is a service which listoned on
port 139 and is primally used for sharing printers and files.

>NETBEUI(netbios exstended user interface):is a protocol included with windows
which has an exstended user interface and more features than netbios.

NETBIOS FRAMES CONTROL PROTOCOL:a protocol used to configure,enable and
disable the netbeui protocol module on both ends of a data link.

<NETBIOS NAME:is used to connect to netbios computers e.g 
net use f: \\mycomputer\c:\ in ms dos.

>NETBIOS over TCP/IP(NBT):a component that ennables NETBIOS to function on
TCP/IP networks.

>NET COMMANDS:are commands used in ms dos for connting to netbios shares,view
share name,starting services,e.g net view ,net password,net start,net
logon,net use,net ver,net time,net,net /?.

>NETIQUATE:the cyber term for ettiqaute.

<NETBUS:is a bo like trojan back door used by crackers which all u do is send
the victim a netbus file then enter his ip address in to your netbus client
and your in his computer !

>NETSCAPE NAVAGATOR:is a web browser with thousands of useful features like IE
has but netscape is much less popular,The unix and linux users mostly use
it for surfing the internet.

>NETMASK:a 32 bit mask which shows how an internet address is to be devided
into subnets and host parts.

>NETSTAT:is a program used for showing u all your active incoming connections
from the internet to your machine,type netstat /? in dos or man netstat for
more help.

>NETVIEW:IBM's mainframe-based network management software that is used to
manage SNA, APPN, and multi-protocol enterprise networks.  

>NETWATCH:is a windows program used for monitering netbios and it allows users
to boot and moniter users connected to the netbios share.

>NETWORK:is a system of computers connected to
each other through cables or radio transmissions,the biggest network is the
internet although there thousands more such as peer to peer,lan,appletalk,smb
e.t.c. 

>NETWORK ADAPTER:Is a network card that ennables a computer to
connect to other pc's on a network such as file and printer sharing.

>NETWORK ADMINISTRTOR:is a person who maintains a network,looking after the
setting and adding new users.

>NETWORK DRIVE:is a remote disk drive which looks
like your hard disk except is is virtual. 

>NETWORK FILE SYSTEMS.the NFS protocol uses RPC calls between the offering
system of 2 computers to transparritly  allow the user on an NFS client
computer to access files located on the nfs server.

>NETWORK MAPS:The Physical Structure or Layout of the network,

>NETWORK SNIFFER:a program that can capture and display the contents of
datagrams on a network.

>NDMP:Acronym for Network Data Management Protocol. 
 
>NIC(network interface card):is a pci or internal network card which allows
pc's to connect to a network.

>NMAP:is a anonymous port scanner from www.insecure.com/nmap,nmap can also o/s
fingerprint,nmap is the leader in public free port scanners and is one of the
fastest out.

NODE:A system that provides network services, such as routing, management, and
end-user support.      

>NOS(network o/s system):is the softwere which control
the network which an e.g of a nos is windows nt. 

>NEWBIES:is a person who is new to usenet or hacking,newbies make up the
large part of hackers and it is the newbie hackers who tend to get cought more
easily,newbies often have it easy now a days as theres thousands of hacking
programs and tutorials freely avalible on the net.!

>.NEWSGROUP:is a descussion area on usenet where ppl post messgaes like
emails and others reply.

<NFS:network file system:distributed file system and its associated network
protocol  originally developed by Sun Microsystem Computer Corporation and
commonly implemented in UNIX systems, although most other computer systems have
implemented NFS clients and/or servers. Abbreviated NFS. The IETF is
responsible for the NFS standard.   

>NNTP(network news transfere protol): the service which usenet messages are
sent through.

>NNTP SERVER:is the computer which hosts a newsgroup or newsgroups.

>NORTON:is a large global company which makes firewalls,system tool,virus
scanner and all sorts of heath system programs.

>.NOS:network o/s syetem)

>NOVELL:is a utah company that makes networking softwere,novell is one of
the world leaders in networking products.

>NOVELL DOS:is the renamed version of dr dos.

>NSA(national security agency):is a top secret american agency which
didicates it life to cracking ciphers and monitering communications from all
of the world.It even has the knowledge to decompile c and to crack encruption.

>NUI(network user interface):is the interface under a network is working.

>NUKING:also known as denial of service is used for crashing computers by send
thousands of packets to the host causing it to crash.

>OCX(ole custom control:

>OPEN DATALINK INTERFACE(ODI):a specification defined by novell and apple to
provide a protocol for API for communication with network adapter drives and
to support the maultible use of protocols by a network 

>OPEN SOURCE:is refered to softwere with free source code which means it can
be changed,Linux is so popular because its all open source wich means you can
edit programs to the way u want it.

>OPRAH:is an webpage client browser used for internet browsing.

>OO(object oriented.)

>OOP:object orented programming.

>OS/2:a windows like o/s from ibm,microsoft windows is like a clone of os/2
 with very much the same features.

>OSI(open system connections):is a model which shows data has moved accross
a netowork and is made up of 7 layers that the data travels
through:application layer,presention layer,sesion
layer,transport,layer,,the link layer,and the physical layer.

>.o/s(opearting system)is the softwere which a computer runs
on,unix,freebsd,linux,windows,applemac,e.t.c are all examples of o/s.

>.OVERWRITE:is when a hacker changes or edites the log file or in cracker
terms it means to delete data and change it.

>OUT OF BAND:Transmission of management information for Fibre Channel
components outside of the Fibre Channel network, typically over Ethernet.

>OUTLOOK EXPRESS:is an email and newsgroup client used for sending and
recieing email and usenet messages.

>PACKET:a piece of information typcially used in communcations(modem or
network),a packet is a peice of data usally sent from one computer to
another.the data is stored in side the packet,along with other information
used by what ever protocol under which the packet is being sent.

>PACKET SNIFFING:is when a hacker installs a sniffer on the network
recording all the network tcp/udp hand shakes and passwords e.t.c,packet
sniffing is used by admins as well looking for problem in their network.

>PARTION:A subdivision of the capacity of a physical or virtual disk.
Partitions are consecutively numbered ranges of blocks that are recognized by
MS-DOS, Windows, and most UNIX operating systems.   Synonym for the type of
extent used to configure arrays.   A contiguously addressed range of logical
blocks on a physical media that is identifiable by an operating system via the
partition's type and subtype fields. A partition's type and subtype fields are
recorded on the physical media and hence make the partition self-identifying. 
partitioning      

>PASCALL:a programming language mainly used for teaching programming
concepts with command that look like regelar english.
A high level language, the youngest of the ALGOL family 
and concidered to be LAME by the hacker community.  Originally designed by
Professor Niklaus Wirth (1970) as a programming language to teach
non-programmers to program.  The name originates from the French mathematician
Blaise Pascal who invented the first mechanical calculator in 1645.    

>PASSIVE OPENING:a state in which TCP port is ready to recieve incoming
connections,such as a telnet server waiting for users.

>.PASSWORD:Is the most common way for ppl protecting data,so that prying
eyes cant get in,now aa days theres a lot of password crackers but most admins
arent stupis enoguh to use a common password but they use l3tters and n(bers.

>PASSWORD CRAKCER:is a program or script used to brute force a password
protected computer or file.

>PASSWORD PROTECTED:is when u cant access a file or computer without a
legitiment password.

>PCANYWHERE:is a remote administration program used for contacting your
computer when your in a remote destination.

>PC DOS(personal computer disk operating system):

>PCNFS:A daemon that permits personal computers to access file systems accessed
through the NFS protocol.

>PDL:is a programming language such as postscript which is processed by a
micro processor in the printer.

>PEEK:is a BASIC programming language that lets users view a particual file
in a computers memory.

>PEER TO PEER:is a network where every computer acts as a server ,common
e.g would be a windows network sharing files and printers.

>PEOPLE SEARCH:is when users try to track users down users with their email
address using a ppl search engine such as yahoo people search.

>Peripherals - Things 
connected and shared through a network, like printers and scanners. 

>PERL:is a scripting language for windows and unix and is used for doing
certain tasks such as networking speed testing ,password cracking coding e.t.c

>PINE:a terminal based email reader program thats runs on a unix box,it allows
users to write and send emails.

.>PGP(pretty good privacy):is an encryption package which allows users to
encrypt their data so that its unreadably to ppl who cant provide the correct
encryption key.

>PHREAKING:are another set of underground users who are interested in hacking
phones,getting free phone calls,seizing phonelines,call tapping
e.t.c,phreaking is rarely did now a days as call companies are too advanced
but back in the 70's their was a lot of freaks's.

>PHYSICAL ADDRESS:a pernement network address burned into a network adapter by
the manufacture

>PICO:Is a unix text editor usually abalible by typing pico in a unix shell.

>PING:packet internet grouper is used to see if a particualr ip addrees is
active and if the computer is on,every o/s supports ping by typing ping ip in
the command promt.

>PITCH:Is a windows irc client similar to mirc

>PL/1:is a earlier programming language used by ibm's in the 70's
1.

>PPP(point to point protol):is used for dial up using modems who want to
dial into a dial up server>also see slip

>POLYMORPHIC VIRUS:is a virus that modefies its self when it effects a file
on your computer,this makes it harder for an anti virus program harder to
track it.

>POP(post office protocol);is a serive which allows a user to retrive email
from a mail server such as pop.yahoo.com

>POP 1/2/3:is version of pop which sends emails and recieves them unlike
stmp which can only send mail.>hotmail.com is an example of pop email client.

>PORT:can be 3 things but in hacker terms it is a open target in form as a
open service such as 139,telnet,21 which means the hacker can try and exploit
them to gain root or get access to windows 98 e.t.c

>PORTSCAN:is to scan a computer for open ports,many ppl have different
thoughts on this,40% of internet users think this is like going upto a house
and checking for open windows and open doors and 60 per cent argue that it
legal.A port scan is the first thing a hacker would do on his target system.

>POSTSCRIPT: a page scripting language devloped by adobe system.

>PPPT(point to point tunelling)a form of ppp which enebles information to
be migled with a local area network.

>PRINT SERVICE:a service that fulfills network requests to print doc's.

>PROGRAMMER:is usally a skilled hacker or individual who has the abuity to
write computer programs in code.

>PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES:are the computer languages used for writting
programs,every language is similar to each other and different languages can
only work on certain systems althgough C works on all o/s's,the most poplar
languages are VCPP,C,VB,and DELPHI.

>PROMPT:is the command environemt on a system which allows u to enter
commands.

>PROTOCOL:is a set of rules which allows a network to act by the rules,tcp
is a hackers best protocol as all o/s support tcp and that means a windows
machine can hack a unix.other protocols include udp and xmodem.

<PROXY SERVER:is a computer which acts on your behalf,for e.g. if u configure
your web browser to use a web proxy the broser will goto the proxy server then
the proxy server would goto the site for u and send u the site back to ur
broser,this mean that the site can't trace your ip address.

>PS:Iis a unix command which shows u the processor status. or what execly
is going on on the unix system ur on.

>PUBLIC ENCRYPTION KEY:is a unique for of encryption data that requires to
set of passwords:a private key and a pulic key.comminly used by PGP.

>PYTHON:Another High Level language designed to teach non programmers 
about strict Sytax Rules, this one is alot more popular than Pascal and is,
it is object orientated.  Invented in 1990 by Guido van Rossum at CWI in
Amsterdam.  It was origonally designed with the aim to create an Advanced
Scripting Language for the Amoeba System.  Name originates from the authors
favourate show 'Monty Pythons Flying Circus'  further reading:
comp.lang.python 

>QBASIC(quick basic):is a basic langugage version written by bill
gates,usally qb is for the beginner programmer,qb is not really a good
langugage as it is an event drive language which means u cant do other tasks
unless youve did the the tasks in order.e.g code

print "qbasic ver 7"
input "whats your name!" name$
print "hey "; name$
beep
end

>QUERY:to search a database for particular information,a hacker usally is
interested in the whois query.

>QUESO:is a remote fingerprinting uttility for determing an computer o/s.

>RAS(remote access server):is a dial up server which comes free with win nt and
win 2000.

>RCP:a remote file transfere utiility.

>READ-ONLY:is a type of storage or file which u can read but not
change.Usually read only log files are the cause for hacker getting
traced,although like everything theres exploit to get by them!.

>REBOOT:is to shut a computer down localy or remotly,trojans like back
orrifice and netbus include tools for rebooting a windows user remotly boot,if
a hacker or cracker get root on linux he can reboot the system by typing init
6 in his remote command promt.

>REDHAT(RH):is a linux distro renound for its easy to use features and its
desktop environment.

>REG EDIT:is a like a windows control panel except u edit the data in
hexadcimal,regedit is a very good tool for changing the way windows works,for
e.g with reg edit u could change your data so that your file and printer
sharing isnt a valible to remote users e.t.c/e.t.c.

>RELATION OPERATOR:a symbol used to compare two or more values in
programming.

>RELOAD:is used to refresh a web site so that it can stay upto date 
on the latest news e.t.c

>REMAPPING:is used by admins to change their port numbers so hackers think
that it an different service.

>REMOTE:is a computer which is un a remote location such as in a different
city.

>REMOTE ADMINISTION:adminstrion a network from a remote location.

>REMOTE ATTACK:is when an attacker tries to hack in from an exsternal
connection such as the net.

>REMOTE COPY(RCP):the unix based uttility that allows you to copy files
between 2 computers using syntax that is similar the unix command "cp".it
provides a simple syntax to copy files and does not require the user to login
proior to initaitng the file copy process.

>REMOTE VNC:is a remote control tool which lets windows,unix,mac,and other o/s
users to view their desktop from anywhere in the world.

>RESEQUENCING:assembling incoming TCP segements so that they are in order in
which they were sent.

>RESOLVER:under DNS,a client that queries the name server accros a network to
gain information on the domain name space.

>REVERSE ADDRESS RESOULTION PROOCOL(rarp):a tcp/ip protocol that returns an ip
address if given a physical address.This protocol is typically used by
diskless workstations that have boot prom installed in their network adapters.

>REXEC:a remote command execution uttilty.

>RFC(request for comment):are networking papers wrote by computer
hackers,admins ,and other smart people,rfc have information on
networks,protcol,e.t.c and are known as different numbers such as rfc
1700(port numbers).

>RFI(radion frequency interface)

>RIP:routing information protocol:a protocol that determins the best path for
routing trafic accross a network.

>RIP LISTINGING:a process in which a computer listens in on rip packets and
adds the info to routing information tables.

>RING NETWORK:see token ring:

>RLOGIN:a remote login uttiity.

>ROOT:is the main user on a unix network who can do anything he wants like
change users password,delete data,use every command and so on.Root is also
refered to as su(super user),a hacker main objetive is to gain root on his
target network.When a cracker or hacker get root on a large web host provider
it is possible for him to change every users web page in seconds by uploading
an script and executing it to change the data.

>ROOT PASSWORD:is the password that a user needs to gain root.Users wanting to
gain root localy on a linux box can do so by typing linux 1 in lilo promt then
typing "passwd" and entering a new password.

>ROOTSHELL:is the main place on the internet for exploits with over 1000
exploits and docmentrentations.

>ROUNDING ERROR:a one cent error that occurs when a computer converts decimal
numbers into binary code.

>ROUTER:a network device which fowarda data by logital address(ip addreses).

>ROUTING TABLE:a routing table within the router that relates networks ID's to
network paths.

>RPM:is a packing manager used on linux o/s for installing new programs from a
linux disk.

>RSH:A remote command executing utility.

>RS-232C(recomended standard 232C:is the standard way for transmitting data
accross serial cables and is used for modems as well.

>RUNLEVEL:is used on unix for different tasks and booting,runlevel 1-5 is
refered to single user and runlevel 6 is reboot,runlevel 0 is shut down:a user
can change runlevels by typing "init runlevelnumber" in a unix command promt.

>RUPTIME:a unix shell command which shows the users logged on.

>SATAN:is a program used to check for known exploits on a system.

>SCAN:is used to find computer systems.The most used of type of scanner used
is a netbios scanner,a programmer only has to make a few pieces of code for a
program to scan ip addresses looking for particular open ports.>also see war
dialing.

>SCREEN DUMB:is a trojan add on which lets script kiddies take a picture of a
remote o/s which has a trojan port open.

>SCRIPT:A p//arameterized list of primitive I/O bus operations intended to be
executed in sequence. Often used with respect to ports, most of which are able
to execute scripts of I/O commands autonomously (without policy processor
assistance).   A sequence of instructions intended to be parsed and carried
out by another program. Perl, VBScript, JavaScript and Tcl are all scripting
languages.

>SCRIPT KIDDIE:is a person who is usally around 14-30 and they dont really not
what hacking is,inexception usally they cant program and they dont know
anything on networking but they seem to think disribtuing other crackers
viruses and using trojans are hacking,most hackers go through this stage but
they grow out it quick.

>SEARCH ENGINE:is the newbie hackers best freind as users can search for
specific exploits,texts,e/t/c

>SECURE BROWSER:is a browser which is complant with SSL encryption which stops
sniffers retrieving data.

>SECURE HYPERTEXT TRANSFERE PROTOCOL (SHTTP): A security standard for
authenticating and encrypting HTTP requests and responses.

>SECURITY ZONE:in internet explorer a segement of the internet or intranet
assigned a level of security.  

>SEGMENT:the data package passed from TCP at the transport layer,conection
oreneted protocol.    

>SENDMAIL:is a unix program used for sending mail to its destonation,sendmail
runs on port 25 stmp and is considered a buggy program.

>SEMANTICSS:The Study of meaning .

>SERVER:is a computer which controls a network letting clients connect to
it,theres literly thousands of servers,the most popular one are
webservers,ftp,telnet and DCHP,A server computer usally the one that the
hacker goes for remotly as it has open ports,common server networks included
peer to peer an client/server.Webservers and other servers that are up 24/7
usally dont look like pcs but they are a small little box with no
mointer,meaning it doesnt get hot as quick as a normal pc.

>SERVER MESSAGE BLOCK:the protocol devoped by microsoft,intel and ibm that
defies a serious of command used to pass information between network computers.

>SERVICE:is refered to an open port or a program designed to let others
connect to it,e.g www sites would be called http service,email's would be
refered to stmp service or pop servicel.

>SESSION:is every time u connect to a server is referred a session.e.g netbios
session

>SH:is the korn shell on  unix and is basically a command environment.

>SHARENAME:is the access name given to windows netbios sharing files or
drives,share names are the name given to a drive or file,e.g net use p:
\\network\docs would acccess the share docs.

>SHELL:An interface which makes a program easier to use such as kde for linux
instead of using a command shell.>also a shell can be a unix command prompt.

>SHELL ACCOUNT:is for non unix users or want to use unix commands but dont
have access to unix so the only way for a windows user to get unix is by
telnetting to a free or commercial shell account and logging in then he or she
can issue unix commands.

>SHELL PROGRAMMING:is a scripting language used for issuing shell commands
quicker just like a batch file does in dos.

>SHTML(server passed hyper text markup language):is a special web page doc
which contains commands to make the page do more.

>SIGAL TO NOISE:the ammount of informatioon versus idle chatters in a
newsgroup posting or email messgage,refers to users who normally post unwanted
shit like cracker question in a hacker group or SPAM!

>SIGN ON:to call a BBS or dial up to your isp.

>SIGNITURE:is commenly used by a user wanting to display a message at the end
of their email messgaes or usenet postings.

>SINGLE USER:for safetly reason some computers only support single user
accounts so when a user is logged in no other user can login.

>SLIP(serial line internet protol):a method of hooking by using a high speed
modem or standard phone line.

>SMALLTALK:one of the first object-orented programming languages in the world.

>SMART TERMINAL:a computer connected to a network that can function
independently of the network,smart terminals are usally just personal
computers with theit own hard disk,disk drive and memory.

>SMTP(simple mail transfere protocol):The basic way email messgages are sent
through networks>

>SNADBOY REVLOLATION TOOL;is a program which can decrypt local ***********
passwords on windows.

>SNOBOL(string orented symbothic language:is an old programming language
designed by bell laboraties.

>SOCKET:the network address for a particular application on a particular
computer consisting of the computer's ip address followed by the port number
of the application.

>Softwere:is any type of computer program from an operating system such as
windows or a small program such as a virus.without softwere there would be no
computer even graphics cards need softwere to make it function properly.

>Source:refers to the destination of a packet or in security terms it is used
for tracing hackers back to their source.Source can also mean the programming
code of a program.

>SPA(secure password authentication):any authentication which the password
isnt send over a network.

>SPAM.is annoying messgages usally advertisements which are sent to newsgroups
and email addresses,the hacker culture to spam very seriously and spammers are
usally reported to their isp's.

>SPEW:a single message posted repeatably to the same newsgroup.

>SPOILER:an email or usenet posting which contains information on up coming
events such as long awaited movies or programs on computer programs on tv and
so on.

>SPOILER SPACE:serveral blank lines at the begiining of a messgage in usenet
or in emails.

>SSL(secure socets layer):a protocol on the internet for sending and recieving
information such as credit card details on the internet in such a way which
only recepiants can decode the data.Hacking attacks like sniffing fail to work
when a site is using SSL because the data is useless to a cracker and the data
is un readable.also An industry-standard technique for authenticating and
encrypting TCP connections.  

>STACK:a data structure that programmers use to store and remove data in a
last in,first ou(LIFO) order,used essesically in assembly>information isplaced
on the stack by using a push command.information is removed by a pop command
or a pull command.

>STAR:In the shape of a star with a server in the middle and clients connected
to it.  Fast and is VERY flexable, since terminals can be detached and
reatached without breaking the flow of data. Also supports heavy traffic.  In
a star topology, there is a dedicated Server. 

>STAR NETWORK:a network configuration in which the central computer has a
directline(network cable) connecting every other computer on the network.

>STATIC IP:is an ip address which nerver changes but always stays the
same,every website and every adsl computer has a static ip address,static ip
addreses are considered a security risk for computers with no protection
softwere.

>STELTH VIRUS:is a sneaky virus that try's to make its self invisable to anti
virus programs that will destroy it.

>STP <Sheilded Twisted Pair>:A Much thicker type of networking cable than UTP
although it is cabable of carrying alot more than the UTP and is about twice
as thick.    

>STRING VARIABLE:a symbol that a program uses to represent a group of
charcters.

>STRUCTERED PROGRAM:a method of writting programs in small sub programs or
modules so that the programs are easy to read and understand,structered
programs emphasize that programs can be written using three typs of
statements:seqential,loop and condiational.sequencial programs run one after
the other,conditioanl statements run are IF-THEN or CASE statements,loop
statements are WHILE-DO,DO-WHILE,FOR-DO and REPEAT-UNTILL statements.if u
dont know what this means read up on structered programming.

>SUB7:one of the most used remote adimistration trojans,script kiddies install
the back door by sending the victim sub7 server then entering the victims ip
address in his/hers client.

>SUBAREA NETWORK:he formal name for hierarchical, mainframe-centric SNA
networks. The backbones of these networks are made up of  interconnected Type
5 (SNA Hosts) and Type 4 (Communication Controller) subarea nodes.

>SUBNET MASK:a 32 bit value that allows the recepiment of ip packets to
desguinish the network ID portion of the ip address from the host ID.      

>SUPPORT:is to do with o/s and protocol and to see if one systems supports
login from another type of o/s,windows,unix,linux,and mac e.t.c all support
each other as they are based on tcp/ip networking,that means its possible to
hack unix from windows or windows from unix e.t.c

>SUSE:is another version of linux which has more security than other version
like mandrake and winlinux 2000.

>SYN:a control flag signifying that sequence number synchroization is taking
place,the SYN flag is used at the beginning of a TCP connection as part of the
"three way handshake"

>SYSEDIT:is a program with windows used for editing autoexec.bat,*.sys,*.bat
and any other system files:the program can be started by typing "sysedit" in
ms dos

>SYSOP:is known as the system operator,it was an old term for the person in
charge of a BBS,they are now known as a administrator.

>SYSTEM:is the program or o/s which controls a computer,commen systems include
apple mac,windows nt,windows 2000,dos,windows ce,unix,vax,linux,iris,amiga
e.t.c,The most important thing that an hacker needs to know before hacking a
computer is the system its run on .

>Systems Network Architecture (SNA)IBM's strategic communications architecture
which specifies how SNA hardware and software products communicate and      
connect with each other. SNA describes the logical structures, formats,
protocols and operational procedures for  transmitting data through a network,
as well as for controlling the network configuration and operation.      

>SWITCH:A computer capable of routing thousands of connections a second, this
used to be done on a switchboard by an operator, but as telephone traffic
grew, a faster more complicated system was needed.  A Switch is located
(usually) at your local CO and this is what you hear when you pick up the
phone, then when you dial, you send the correct tones to the Switch and it
connects you to the desired phone.    

>T1:a high speed communication line for internet access,typcially running
at speeds of 1.554 megabits per second,mostly isp's,universites and ppl with
money have these fast lines.

>T3:is an even faster connection line to the net which runs at 45 megabits per
second.

>TAR:a backup and archiving program used on unix for copying files and
clumping togther loads of files together.

>TCP/IP(transmission control protocol/internet protocol):is the standard way
from transmtting data accross a network or the internet,tcp/ip is so widely
used on the net because all operating systems support it,without tcp/ip users
cant use the internet,ftp,www,telnet,and irc e.t.c all use tcp because it has
error correction in it which stops errors when downloading,e.t.c>also see UDP

>TCP connect() scanning : 
This is the most basic form of TCP scanning. The connect() system call
provided by your operating system is used to open a connection to every
interesting port on the machine. If the port is listening, connect() will
succeed, otherwise the port isn't reachable. One strong advantage to this
technique is that you don't need any special privileges. Any user on most UNIX
boxes is free to use this call. Another advantage is speed. While making a
separate connect() call for every targeted port in a linear fashion would take
ages over a slow connection, you can hasten the scan by using many sockets in
parallel. Using non-blocking I/O allows you to set a low time-out period and
watch all the sockets at once. This is the fastest scanning method supported
by nmap, and is available with the -t (TCP) option. The big downside is that
this sort of scan is easily detectable and filterable. The target hosts logs
will show a bunch of connection and error messages for the services which take
the connection and then have it immediately shutdown.

>TCPDUMB:is a unix packet sniffer used by admins to moniter their
traffic,hackers use it to sniff for passwords,e.t.c

>TCP FIN PORT SCANNING : There are times when even SYN scanning 
isn't clandestine enough. Some firewalls and packet filters watch for SYNs to
restricted ports, and programs like synlogger and Courtney are available to
detect these scans. FIN packets, on the other hand, may be able to pass
through unmolested. This scanning technique was featured in detail by Uriel
Maimon in Phrack 49, article 15. The idea is that closed ports tend to reply
to your FIN packet with the proper RST. Open ports, on the other hand, tend to
ignore the packet in question. As Alan Cox has pointed out, this is required
TCP behavior. However, some systems (notably Micro$oft boxes), are broken in
this regard. They send RST's regardless of the port state, and thus they
aren't vulnerable to this type of scan. It works well on most other systems
I've tried. Actually, it is often useful to discriminate between a *NIX and NT
box, and this can be used to do that.

>TCP REVERSE IDENT PORT SCANNING: As noted by Dave
Goldsmith in a 1996 Bugtraq post, the ident protocol (rfc1413) allows for the
disclosure of the username of the owner of any process connected via TCP, even
if that process didn't initiate the connection. So you can, for example,
connect to the http port and then use identd to find out whether the server is
running as root. This can only be done with a full TCP connection to the
target port

>TCP SYN PORT SCANNING: This technique is often referred to as "half-open"
scanning,  because you don't open a full TCP connection. You send a SYN
packet, as if you are going to open a real connection and wait for a response.
A SYN|ACK indicates the port is listening. A RST is indicative of a non-
listener. If a SYN|ACK is received, you immediately send a RST to tear down
the connection (actually the kernel does this for us).  The primary advantage
to this scanning technique is that fewer sites will log it.

>TELEPHONY APPLICATION PROGRAM INTERFACE:(TAPI):a set of calls that allows an
application to control modems and telephones by routing functions calls to the
appropiate service provider.

>TELNET:is a unix or any other o/s service used for remote rogin,telnet
provides access to a remote system's command prompt,the telnet serive runs on
port 23,although the telnet progam can be used to connect to other ports.

>TERMINAL:In hacker terms it could be refered to as a communication program
such as hyperterminal but in unix terms it is a command
environment,network terminals can be used to provide remote access to
systems.

>TERMINAL TYPE:used in telnet and other login programs for the setting of the
program,common termianl setting are VT100 and echo.

>THREE-WAY-HANDSHAKE:a three step procedure that synchronizes seqence numbers
and begins a TCP connection.

>TOKEN RING NETWORK:A lan type network featuring a ring topolgy and a token
passing network method,token ring is an expensive network and usally used in
busineses to an alternitive to ethernet.

>TOKEN PASSING.the network access layer used by the token ring network.

>TOOLS:is the tools which help hackers and admins out like
nmap,tcpdumb,queso,john the ripper,telnet,e.t.c

>TRACING:is to trace the source ip address of a hacker or cracker,admins
usally trace hackers by looking in the log files or by monitering tools,once
an admin get the ip address of the attacker(which isnt always the correct
one)he will usally query the ip in a whois search then contact the ISP of the
person telling them of such activities.

>TROJAN HOURSE:a nasty program which hides inside a legitiment program,named
after the trojan hourse of troy.Remote adminsration trojan's usally are the
biggest threat for users who run windows because if a cracker sendz the
victim a file and they execute it the attacker can control there pc remotly
and can usally do more than the person in front of it can do.

>TRANSPORT LAYER:the layer of the tcp stack that provides error checking and
serves as an interface for network applications e.g users who use web brosers
like internet explorer go through thhis process when downloading files.

>TRON:a basic programming language command thats's conjuction with trace and
ON.the tron command enables programmers to examine a program as it runs.

>TRUST-BASED SECURITY:a cross platform security model thats adds intermidate
levls of trust to the java security model.

>TTL(time to live):used in network commands such as ping and
traceroute,tracert.TTL is usally around 255 m sec's.

>TUTORIALS:are free documents on the web which guide newbies through
hacking,networking,programming,how to do,e.t.c.

>TWISTED PAIR:a set of networking cables which dont need a port to connect
them to a network.

>UDP(user datagram protocol:is a network protocol which runs much faster than
tcp/ip alghough it has no error checking,its is a connectionlees protocol

>URL(uniform resource locator):is a command which contacts veroius internet
sites like http:// for the world wibe web,gopher:// for gopher,mailito: for
email,telnet:// for telnet,ftp:// for file transfere protocl,e.t.c

>UNIX:An o/s devloped by bells labs in the last 1960's refines in the 70's and
80's,written in c(which was devloped by bells labs as well).UNIX is a
maultiuser o/s usally used on networks and personal computers in
universities.Unix will work on any o/s because its written in c,unix is a
command based o/s like ms dos but more cruder and powerfull.Unix has severall
graphicals user interfaces for it including xwindows,and open lock,unix is
used by hackers because it supports all the major programming languages and
because it has far no network cappabuilities.

>UPLOAD:to transfere a file from a computer and put it on another
computer,crackers are known to upload viruses to hacked systems.

>UPTIME:is a interesting command for windows telnet users and unix
users,uptime shows how long the computer has been up for and also it shows all
the users logged in.

>USENET(user net):is a internet factillity which offers a virety of
newsgroups,bullitin boards,and pulic forums.

>USER:ON unix accounts user is a user account which has restricted access.,

>USER ID:is a valid user account name on a system.

>USER NAME:SAME AS USER ID

>UUCP(unix to unix copy program):a wide internation of wide area networks of
all sorts of unix computers,uucp is used to copy data from one computer to
another,which means the service is under threat from hackers.

>VANDALS:are internet crackers who like to destroy data and distrubute viruses
across the net,crackers like to build websites using activex and java so that
they can cause havock on the inosent victim;s computer who visits the site.

>VARIBLE:in programming,a symbol that represents a number value or a string of
text in a program.Using varibles gives programmers the fredom to change to
change the value at any point in the program.

>VAX:a line of computers produced by digital equipment corp.VAX is another o/s
similar to unix and is widely used in banks and hospitals,because of that
wardialing is the scan attack the hacker uses on vax.

>VBX(visal basic extension):are an addon code for a vb program.

>VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK(VPN): technology which one can securly connect to a
remote server by tunneling through a network.

>VIRUS:a virus is a desructive program which usally affects windows
users,chaging the bios settings,deleting data,spreading its self although the
correct term is called worm,viruses are made by usally 14-22 year olds wanting
to prove that they can program,most viruses are written in visual
basic,assembly and c,most of the common day viruses are clones from the old
ones with the code slighty modified.

>VISUAL BASIC(vb):a microsoft version of the basic language with a user
interface that lets your draw your graphical interface then u can write in
BASIC commands to make the program work,VB is commenly used for macro's in MS
Word and other microsoft packages.,VIsual basic is so commently used because
it is much easier to learn that c,c++,pascall and in VB programs can get made
quickers,VB is considered Lame amongt the hacker community because the
concepts of VB teach users bad habbits in programming.

>WAIS(wide area information server):a server used for making searching the web
easier.

>WAP(wireless application protocool):is a scripting lanuage used for making
websites that WAP mobile phones can view.Recently their been WAP viruses
released by crackers which record users phone calls.

>WAREZ:known as the internet pirates,warez dudes are another part of the
underground who like to crack softwere trials and copy illigal softwere.

>WARDIALER:also known as a demon dialer,a modem program which dials from say
555-0000 on up through 555-9999,finding computers with modem support.this is
way a hacker would find an phone support o/s in his area.

>WARFTP:is the most popular ftp server for home users.

>WARGAMES:A 1983 film staring mathew broderick who is a teenage hacker
who gains access to mility computers,wargames concentrates on dial up
hacking,wardialing e.t.c

>WEB:the nick name for world wibe web.

>WEB SERVER:a computer or softwere program thats runs on a computer and
answers request for web pages on the world wibe web,the most common web server
are lotus domino,apache,and microsoft IIS.

>WEB SPACE:a computer that stores users files and gives the rest of the world
acces to them as a web site.t

>WEBCRAWLER:a a robot designed for searching the world wide web,webcrawlers
displas its result based on how many web pages contain similar words to those
u are searching for.

>WIDE AREA NETWORK(WAN):a network of computers that spans a large distance,as
opposed to a local rea network which invloves computers on the same building.

>WINDOWS CE:is a small version of windows designed for pamtop computers,also
dreamcast based on windows CE.

>WINDOWS 3.1:was one of the first graphical user interfaces built by
Microsoft,windows 3.1 is has very insecure password protection and is 90 per
sent built on dos.

>WINDOWS 95/98/ME:are recent windows o/s desgined mostly for powerfull game
play,and to make computers easier.

WINDOWS NT/2000:are the most expensive windows o/s mostly used for busineses
with networks,windows 2000 has a lot of features of windows 98 and is built
with more networking features of windows NT.

>WINDOWS FOR WORKGROUPS:a special feature with windows desinged for usage with
LAN's

>WINGATES:is a proxy server which hides a computer ip address making the
wingates server's ipaddress look like the computer ip adddress,wingates is used
on the internet and when using network services like netbios,e.t.c.

>WINS(windows internet naming service):a wins server is a microsoft
implemention of a netbios name server.

>WINSTOCK:a windows programming interface that provides access to TCP and UDP
ports.

>XWINDOW:a graphical based user interface often associated with unix.

>YAHOO:is a web directroy search engine which has
auctions,chat,mail,e.t.c,also yahoo has currently one of the largest search
engines in the world.

>ZOMBIE:is a programming script which is usally uploaded to hacked
computers,zombies mainly used by crackers are used for nuking users,hacking
and doing other hacking/cracking techniques,zombies can be used to nuke ip
addreses from a hacked computer meaning the hacked computer gets traced.


  IRC,CHAT ROOM and EMAIL DICTIOANRY jarjon:
--------------------------------------------

These are commenly used irc codes or acronymn for emails'irc and internet
guide.

AAMOF = As A Matter Of Fact
ADN = Any Day Now
AFAIK = And For All I Know
AFAIK = As Far As I Know
AFK = Away From Keyboard
ANY1 = Anyone
A/S/L = Age/Sex/Location
ADDY = Address
AWGAD = And Who Gives A Darn
AWGTHTGTTA = Are We Going To Have To Go Through This Again?

BAC = By Any Chance
BAG = Busting A Gut (Laughing)
BBFN = Bye Bye For Now
BBIAB =Be Back In A Bit
BBL = Be Back Later
BCNU = Be Seeing You
BG = Big grin
BEWG = Big Evil Wicked Grin
BRB = Be Right Back
BK = Because
BTW = By The Way
BTDT = Been There, Done That
BTA = But Then Again
BWG = Big Wide Grin
BYKT = But You Knew That
B4 = Before
B/C = Because
BTASRTHOS! = Better Than A Slap 'Round The Head On Sunday

C = See
CU = See You
CUL = See You Later
CUL8er = See You Later
CUL8R = See You Later
CMIIW = Correct Me If I'm Wrong
CRS = Can't Remember Sh*t
CYA = Cover Your A**
CYA = See You

DIIK = Damned If I Know
DQOTD = Dumb Question of the Day
DTRT = Do The Right Thing
DILLIGAF = Does It Look Like I Give A F...k.
D/L = Download
D/U = Download/Upload (Ratio)
 
EOD = End Of Discussion
EOF = End of File
ESOSL = Endless Snorts of Stupid Laughter
EZ = Easy 

F = Female
FAQ = Frequently Asked Questions
FYEO = For Your Eyes Only
FYI = For Your Information
FU! = F**K You
FWIW = For What Its Worth

<G> = Grin
GR8 = Great
GGP = Gotta Go Pottie
GGN = Gotta Go Now
GMV = Got My Vote
GMTA = Great Minds Think Alike
GO PRI = Send Private Msg\Mail
GOK = God Only Knows
GTG = Got To Go
G2G = Got To Go

H/A = Hi All
HHTY = Happy Holidays to You

IAC = In Any Case
IC = I see
ICU = I see you ....
ICU2 = I see you too
ICBW = I Could Be Wrong
ICOCBW = I Could, Of Course, Be Wrong
ILY = I Love You
IMHO = In My Humble Opinion
IMNSHO = In My Not So Humble Opinion
IMO = In My Opinion
IMV = In My View
IOW = In Other Words
IYSWIM = If you see what I mean

J\K = Just Kidding
JOOC = Just out of Curiosity

K = OK
KHYF = Know How You Feel
KEWL = Cool, Fantastic
KISS = Keep It Simple Stupid
KOOL = cool

<L> = Laugh
LOL = Laughing Out Loud
LOL = Lost Of Love
LTNS = Long Time No See
LTNT = Long Time, No Type
L8TR = Later (as in see ya later)
L8R = Later (as in see ya later)(Same as L8TR)
LMAO = Laughing My A.. Off

M = Male
M/F = Male or Female
M8 = Mate
ME2 = Me too
MORF = Male Or Female
MPOV = My Point Of View
 
NBL = Not Bloody Likely
NE1 = Anyone
NE = Any
NOYB = None Of Your Business
NP = No Problem
NRN = No Reply Necessary
NTYMI = Now That You Mention In

ODAT = One Day At a Time
OIC = OH, I See
OMG = OH, My God
OAS = On Another Subject
OTOH = On The Other Hand

PPL = People
PEEPS = People
PITA = Pain In The A**
POV = Point Of View
PMETC = Pardon Me Etc
PZ = Peasey (i.e. EZ PZ easy peasey) 

QL = Cool
QEWL = Cool
 
R = Are
RE = Returned, back
REHI = Hi again
ROFL = Rolling on the floor laughing
ROFLMAO = Rolling On Floor Laughing My A.. Off
ROFLPMP = Rolling On Floor Laughing Pis... My Pants
ROTFLPIMK = Rolling On The Floor Pis... In My Kilt
RSN = Real Soon Now
RL = Real Life
RTDM = Read The Damn Manual
RTFM = Read that F...ed Manual
RTFS = Read That F...ed Source
 
SAH = Stay At Home
<S> = Smile
SOL = You are Alone or Nobody Can Help You
SOP = Standing Operational Proceedures
STR8 = Straight
SUP = What's Up
S/U = Shut Up
SYS = See You Soon
SYS = System
SN = screen name
 
T = Tea
TAFN = Thats all for Now
TCFW = Too Cute For Words
TDM = Too Damn Many
TFT = Thanks for That
TIA = Thanks In Advance
TMI = Too Much Information
TXS = Thanks
THX = Thanks
TY = Thank You
TTBOMK = To The Best Of My Knowledge
TTFN = Ta Ta For Now
TTYL = Talk to you later
TYT = Take Your Time
TYVM = Thank You Very Much
 
U = You
UR = You are (or) Your
U/L = Upload

V = Victory
VFY = Voted For You
VIC = Vicinity

WAW = Why Ask Why?
WB = Welcome Back
W/B = Welcome Back (Same as WB)
W/E = What Ever
/W = With
/WO = With out
W/F = Where From
What's^ = What's Up
W8 = Wait
WILTY = Would I Lie To You?
WTG  = Way To Go
WTF = What The F***? 

XP  = Experience (as in my experience)
XTG  = Axe To Grind (foul tempered mIRCer)
XTC  = Ecstasy (drugs or emotion)

Y  = Why? YABA = Yet Another Bloody Acronym
YMBK = You Must Be Kidding
YMBJ = You Must Be Joking
YAP = Yet Another Ploy
YGLT =You're Gonna Love This
YHTBT = You Had To Be There

Z = Sleeping or Bored (obvious zzzZZZZ) 


Numbers

2 = To, Too or Two
4 = For or Four
4N = For Now (Used after other Jargons ie AFK4N)
4U = For You
8 = Ate or Eight
10Q = Thank You
10x = Thanks
10x*e3 = 1000 Times Thanks
 


Paranoia


{ { { nick} } } = Hug the specified nick
:-) = Smile
;-) = Wink
:-( = Unhappy, Sad
:- = Stick your tongue out, use Alt+0222(keypads)
:-P = Stick your tongue out, (If you don't know the ascii Characters)
:-O_~ = To smoke
|=:-)> = Patriotic (Looks like Uncle Sam) 

  BASIC IRC COMMANDS
----------------------
Irc has a nice gui but to get the most out of it requires knowning the
commands,so here is a few commands:

/ADMIN
Displays the administrative details about a server.


/AWAY <away-message>
Leave a message explaining that you are not currently paying attention to IRC. EXAMPLE:
/AWAY getting coffee, be back in 5 mins = You have been marked as being away
[ if somebody does /whois YourNick now, they will get the 3 lines like
above, plus a final line saying "*** YourNick is away: getting coffee,
be back in 5 mins". ]

/AWAY without any additional argument will remove the away-message. 
EXAMPLE:
/AWAY = You are no longer marked as being away

/BAN <#channel> <nick[!user@host]> <maskmode> 
Bans a particular nick from EVER joining the specified channel, until /UNBANned. 

/FINGER <user@host>
EXAMPLE: /finger christinag@hair.net Used to look at information 
about a user, generally by their E-mail address, using the UNIX FINGER protocol.T
he information returned by this command will depend on what information each
individual host wishes to make public about their users.


/INVITE <nick> <#channel>
Invites another user to a channel. If no channel is specified, your current channel 
is used. In that case, you have to be on a channel for this to work. If you
receive an /INVITE message, you may then type /JOIN <#channel> to go there.


/JOIN <#channel>
Changes your current channel to the channel specified. If the channel does not exist 
already, it will be created and you will be the new channel operator.

/KICK <#channel> <nick> <your comment>
Forces the client <nick> to be removed from the channel.

/LEAVE <#channel>
Leaves the specified channel, or if not channel is specified, leaves the current channel.


/LINKS <server.address>
The LINKS command shows all the servers currently on your network.


/LIST
Lists all current irc channels, number of users, and topic.


/LUSERS
Gives a brief listing of the number of users, the number of servers and the number of operators.


/ME <action>
EXAMPLE: /me does the Macarena. The /me command is used to describe an action. 
Your nick will automatically be inserted and the text will appear differently
than normal channel messages. This command can be used in channels or private
message windows and dcc chats.


/MODE <#channel> +(or)-<modechars> <parameters>
Sets the mode for the channel, private, invite, secret & more
Expanded info under post listing "OPS STUFF"


/MOTD
Gives the message-of-the-day for a server.


/MSG <nick> <your message>
Use the /MSG command to send someone a message that only that person can read.
To answer to such a message, you have two options:
1. You type /MSG <nick_of_person_who_sent_you_the_message> <reply>
2. You type /MSG , <reply>
The comma (,) is an abbreviation for "last person who sent me a message". 
In a similar fashion, the dot (.) in a /MSG command is an abbreviation for
"last person to whom I sent a message".


/NAMES <#channel>
Shows the nicknames of all users on that channel


/NICK <new_nick>

Change your nickname.


/PART <#channel>
Parts the channel, but remain on the IRC. When you leave, all other channel 
members will be notified of your departure.


/PING <nick> and /CTCP <nick> PING
These commands are used to determine the length of time it takes to send a 
signal to another person on IRC and then back again.

/QUERY <nick>
You can have a private conversation by using /MSG <nick> repeatedly, 
but that can get cumbersome. That's where the QUERY command comes in handy. 

/QUIT <your farewell message>
Exits IRC (also leaves any channels you may be on). 
EXAMPLE: /QUIT hasta la vista, baby!  = *** Signoff: YourNick (hasta la vista, baby!)


/TIME
Displays the current (local) time on the server machine.


/TOPIC <#channel> <new topic for channel>
Changes the topic for channel. 


/WHOIS <nick>
Shows the "real name" behind a nick, any public channels s/he may be on, and the server s/he is using.


/WHOWAS <nick>
Provides the same basic information as /whois but can be used for a limited time after 
the person has left IRC or has changed their nickname.

 additional commands to learn
-----------------------------
 ADDBUTTON AWAY      BAN       CLEAR     CLOSE
   CTCP      COUNTRY   CYCLE     DCC       DEBUG
   DELBUTTON DEOP      DEVOICE   DISCON    DNS
   ECHO      EXEC      EXECKILL  EXECSTOP  EXECCONT
   EXECWRITE GATE      HELP      IGNORE    INVITE
   JOIN      KICK      KICKBAN   LASTLOG   LISTDLL
   LOAD      LOADDLL   MDEOP     MKICK     MKICKB
   ME        MSG       NAMES     NCTCP     NEWSERVER
   NICK      NOTICE    NOTIFY    OP        PART
   PING      PKILL     PLIST     PLOAD     QUERY
   QUIT      QUOTE     RECONNECT RMDLL     SAY
   SCPINFO   SET       SETTAB    SERVCHAN  SERVER
   TOPIC     UNBAN     UNIGNORE  UNLOADALL WALLCHOP
   WALLCHAN  VOICE     
 

 Type /HELP <command> for more information, or /HELP -l
 

 User defined commands:
 

   ACTION    ALIAS     BANLIST   CHAT      DIALOG
   DMSG      EXIT      J         KILL      LEAVE
   M         ONOTICE   RAW       SERVHELP  SV
   UMODE     UPTIME    VER       VERSION   WALLOPS

one other thing to note is unix and windows irc commands are slightly
different sometimes for help type /help in your irc client.

 IRC DICTIOANRY 
-----------------

note:for more addional words see the main hacker dictioanry.


Addy - Addy = Address. Pretty self explanatory, if some one asks for your 
"e-mail addy", they want your e-mail address.

Aliases - Aliases are short macros written within your IRC client application
to create shortcuts, run scripts or issue IRC commands simply.

Bots - A bot (short for robot) is an IRC user that is not a user at all, but
is a collection of scripted IRC commands running as a program within the IRC
client program. It only responds to things done to it, or things that it
is programmed to do. There are a few bots that serve purposes. These bots
are usually game related. It is considered good IRC etiquette to include
the word "BOT" in the bot's nickname if you are running one on a channel.
Bots are generallyconsidered a nuisance on IRC and using one on most IRC 
servers will get you "k-lined". If there are bots taking up 10 connections, 
that is 10 less real people that can be online, and IRC =is= a place 
for chatting after all. 

ChanOp - Operator of the Channel, usually has a @before their name

Clones - A clone is someone logged on to your channel more than once.
I've seen people refer to these as "ghosts" here on DM. Not the same
thing! (see ghost) Coming in as a clone on most IRC channels will result in
a quick KICK and a BAN. If you are testing scripts or software, cloning
yourself on a private channel can be useful -- but it is generally 
considered to be bad IRC form to come in as a clone on a busy channel 
as it takes up a connection that a real person could be using.

Flooding - Flooding can be anything that disrupts the channel or even
trashes an individuals computer...examples being gargantuan text files
sent to the channel, DCC SENDS of god-knows-what to individuals, repeated
and intensive /msg sends, etc. A very good idea to enable Flood Protection
in your IRC client application & disable automated DCC/CTCP receives.

Ghost - A ghost (or ghosting) occurs when you quit a channel abruptly
and log back in immediately. Many times your former log-in will still exist
on the channel if you didn't quit/part using those commands. Generally
the Channel Op will KICK your former log-in (ghost)if it doesn't go
away by it's ghostly self.

IRC - IRC is an acronym for Internet Relay Chat..proper usage is 
"I'm IRC-ing" as opposed to "I am IRC Chatting" <G>

IRC Client - This refers to the particular software or method 
that the user (such as you) runs to connect to a server on one of the IRC
nets. For instance, if you use mIRC to access IRC, that is your IRC
client...others would be Comic Chat, IRCle, pIRCh, etc.

IRCop - Operator of the IRC. This is not a "COP", but they do keep an eye
out for weirdness on the IRC server. 

K-Lined - If you are K-lined, it simply means that a server is set to 
automatically KILL your connection. This can happen if you have mis-behaved
on a server -- or it may happen if you are not an authorized user on that
particular IRC server.

Lags - A lag is the time in seconds that it takes the text you just entered 
to reach the screen of the person you are talking to. A lag of a second or
two is not too bad, but anything over 10 seconds is considered a bad lag. You
can check lag by /ping-ing the other client. Lag can be caused by a variety of
factors, including: a noisy phone line, trouble with your ISP, trouble with
your IRC client, trouble with the IRC server, trying to do other things while
on IRC (ftp-ing, web browsing, etc.), overcrowded channel. In order to acheive
the best connections in IRC, you want to have the most direct route to the
people you are chatting with. Server connections are often made up of many
many nodes, and the more nodes between you and the other person, the higher
the possibility is of lags and netsplits occuring.

'Leet - 'Leet equals "elite", usually used to refer to a well-written script, program or bot.

LYB - Ask Shannon about this one! LOL!!!

Netsplit - Netsplits are a major cause of lag. A netsplit happens 
when a server in your connection loses contact with the rest of the servers.
You can see a Netsplit occurring if you notice people on your "notify list"
signing on & off manytimes during your session -- or if members of your
channel suddenly quit in a way that resembles:  "Signoff:nick1
(irc.gate.example.edu). You may also notice your lag time increasing, or
jumping from no lag to very long periods of lag. You can try to change servers
at this point by typing: /server (new-server-name [port#if specified])
EXAMPLE: /server irc.dm.net 4000

Scripts - Scripts are small programs designed to run within an IRC client,
usually using the client's built in scripting language.

WareZ - Channels with "warez" "appz" "krackz" and "hackz" 
(or any variation thereof are IRC channels (highly illegal and punishable by
death if seen on DM) that distribute pirated copies of software. Warez
channels move around a lot. Since they are illegal they are viewed by many IRC
users as good targets for flooding, channel takeovers & general warfare.


PORT GUIDE:...........for the port number rfc search for rfc 1700.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
                  0/tcp    Reserved
                  0/udp    Reserved
tcpmux            1/tcp    TCP Port Service Multiplexer
tcpmux            1/udp    TCP Port Service Multiplexer
compressnet       2/tcp    Management Utility
compressnet       2/udp    Management Utility
compressnet       3/tcp    Compression Process
compressnet       3/udp    Compression Process
rje               5/tcp    Remote Job Entry
rje               5/udp    Remote Job Entry
echo              7/tcp    Echo
echo              7/udp    Echo
discard           9/tcp    Discard
discard           9/udp    Discard
systat           11/tcp    Active Users
systat           11/udp    Active Users
daytime          13/tcp    Daytime (RFC 867)
daytime          13/udp    Daytime (RFC 867)
qotd             17/tcp    Quote of the Day
qotd             17/udp    Quote of the Day
msp              18/tcp    Message Send Protocol
msp              18/udp    Message Send Protocol
chargen          19/tcp    Character Generator
chargen          19/udp    Character Generator
ftp-data         20/tcp    File Transfer [Default Data]
ftp-data         20/udp    File Transfer [Default Data]
ftp              21/tc              	  
      
                                         !  "  #  $  %  &  '  (  )  *  +  ,  -  .  /  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  :  ;  <  =  >  ?  @  A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z  [  \  ]  ^  _  `  a  b  c  d  e  f  g  h  i  j  k  l  m  n  o  p  q  r  s  t  u  v  w  x  y  z  {  |  }  ~      p    File Transfer [Control]
ftp              21/udp    File Transfer [Control]
ssh              22/tcp    SSH Remote Login Protocol
ssh              22/udp    SSH Remote Login Protocol
telnet           23/tcp    Telnet
telnet           23/udp    Telnet
smtp             25/tcp    Simple Mail Transfer
smtp             25/udp    Simple Mail Transfer
nsw-fe           27/tcp    NSW User System FE
nsw-fe           27/udp    NSW User System FE
msg-icp          29/tcp    MSG ICP
msg-icp          29/udp    MSG ICP
msg-auth         31/tcp    MSG Authentication
msg-auth         31/udp    MSG Authentication
dsp              33/tcp    Display Support Protocol
dsp              33/udp    Display Support Protocol
time             37/tcp    Time
time             37/udp    Time 
rap              38/tcp    Route Access Protocol
rap              38/udp    Route Access Protocol
rlp              39/tcp    Resource Location Protocol
rlp              39/udp    Resource Location Protocol
graphics         41/tcp    Graphics
graphics         41/udp    Graphics
name             42/tcp    Host Name Server
name             42/udp    Host Name Server
nameserver       42/tcp    Host Name Server
nameserver       42/udp    Host Name Server
nicname          43/tcp    Who Is
nicname          43/udp    Who Is
mpm-flags        44/tcp    MPM FLAGS Protocol
mpm-flags        44/udp    MPM FLAGS Protocol
mpm              45/tcp    Message Processing Module [recv]
mpm              45/udp    Message Processing Module [recv]
mpm-snd          46/tcp    MPM [default send]
mpm-snd          46/udp    MPM [default send]
ni-ftp           47/tcp    NI FTP
ni-ftp           47/udp    NI FTP
auditd           48/tcp    Digital Audit Daemon
auditd           48/udp    Digital Audit Daemon
tacacs           49/tcp    Login Host Protocol (TACACS)
tacacs           49/udp    Login Host Protocol (TACACS)
re-mail-ck       50/tcp    Remote Mail Checking Protocol
re-mail-ck       50/udp    Remote Mail Checking Protocol
la-maint         51/tcp    IMP Logical Address Maintenance
la-maint         51/udp    IMP Logical Address Maintenance
xns-time         52/tcp    XNS Time Protocol
xns-time         52/udp    XNS Time Protocol
domain           53/tcp    Domain Name Server
domain           53/udp    Domain Name Server
xns-ch           54/tcp    XNS Clearinghouse
xns-ch           54/udp    XNS Clearinghouse
isi-gl           55/tcp    ISI Graphics Language
isi-gl           55/udp    ISI Graphics Language
xns-auth         56/tcp    XNS Authentication
xns-auth         56/udp    XNS Authentication
xns-mail         58/tcp    XNS Mail
xns-mail         58/udp    XNS Mail
                 59/tcp    any private file service
                 59/udp    any private file service
ni-mail          61/tcp    NI MAIL
ni-mail          61/udp    NI MAIL
acas             62/tcp    ACA Services
acas             62/udp    ACA Services
whois++          63/tcp    whois++
whois++          63/udp    whois++
covia            64/tcp    Communications Integrator (CI)
covia            64/udp    Communications Integrator (CI)
tacacs-ds        65/tcp    TACACS-Database Service
tacacs-ds        65/udp    TACACS-Database Service
sql*net          66/tcp    Oracle SQL*NET
sql*net          66/udp    Oracle SQL*NET
bootps           67/tcp    Bootstrap Protocol Server
bootps           67/udp    Bootstrap Protocol Server
bootpc           68/tcp    Bootstrap Protocol Client
bootpc           68/udp    Bootstrap Protocol Client
tftp             69/tcp    Trivial File Transfer
tftp             69/udp    Trivial File Transfer
gopher           70/tcp    Gopher
gopher           70/udp    Gopher
netrjs-1         71/tcp    Remote Job Service
netrjs-1         71/udp    Remote Job Service
netrjs-2         72/tcp    Remote Job Service
netrjs-2         72/udp    Remote Job Service
netrjs-3         73/tcp    Remote Job Service
netrjs-3         73/udp    Remote Job Service
netrjs-4         74/tcp    Remote Job Service
netrjs-4         74/udp    Remote Job Service
                 75/tcp    any private dial out service
                 75/udp    any private dial out service
deos             76/tcp    Distributed External Object Store
deos             76/udp    Distributed External Object Store
vettcp           78/tcp    vettcp
vettcp           78/udp    vettcp
finger           79/tcp    Finger
finger           79/udp    Finger
http             80/tcp    World Wide Web HTTP
http             80/udp    World Wide Web HTTP
www              80/tcp    World Wide Web HTTP
www              80/udp    World Wide Web HTTP
www-http         80/tcp    World Wide Web HTTP
www-http         80/udp    World Wide Web HTTP
hosts2-ns        81/tcp    HOSTS2 Name Server
hosts2-ns        81/udp    HOSTS2 Name Server
xfer             82/tcp    XFER Utility
xfer             82/udp    XFER Utility
mit-ml-dev       83/tcp    MIT ML Device
mit-ml-dev       83/udp    MIT ML Device
ctf              84/tcp    Common Trace Facility
ctf              84/udp    Common Trace Facility
mit-ml-dev       85/tcp    MIT ML Device
mit-ml-dev       85/udp    MIT ML Device
mfcobol          86/tcp    Micro Focus Cobol
mfcobol          86/udp    Micro Focus Cobol
kerberos         88/tcp    Kerberos
kerberos         88/udp    Kerberos
su-mit-tg        89/tcp    SU/MIT Telnet Gateway
su-mit-tg        89/udp    SU/MIT Telnet Gateway
dnsix            90/tcp    DNSIX Securit Attribute Token Map
dnsix            90/udp    DNSIX Securit Attribute Token Map
mit-dov          91/tcp    MIT Dover Spooler
mit-dov          91/udp    MIT Dover Spooler
npp              92/tcp    Network Printing Protocol
npp              92/udp    Network Printing Protocol
dcp              93/tcp    Device Control Protocol
dcp              93/udp    Device Control Protocol
objcall          94/tcp    Tivoli Object Dispatcher
objcall          94/udp    Tivoli Object Dispatcher
supdup           95/tcp    SUPDUP
supdup           95/udp    SUPDUP
dixie            96/tcp    DIXIE Protocol Specification
dixie            96/udp    DIXIE Protocol Specification
swift-rvf        97/tcp    Swift Remote Virtural File Protocol
swift-rvf        97/udp    Swift Remote Virtural File Protocol
tacnews          98/tcp    TAC News
tacnews          98/udp    TAC News                      
metagram         99/tcp    Metagram Relay
metagram         99/udp    Metagram Relay
newacct         100/tcp    [unauthorized use]
hostname        101/tcp    NIC Host Name Server
hostname        101/udp    NIC Host Name Server                    
iso-tsap        102/tcp    ISO-TSAP Class 0
iso-tsap        102/udp    ISO-TSAP Class 0
gppitnp         103/tcp    Genesis Point-to-Point Trans Net
gppitnp         103/udp    Genesis Point-to-Point Trans Net
acr-nema        104/tcp    ACR-NEMA Digital Imag. & Comm. 300
acr-nema        104/udp    ACR-NEMA Digital Imag. & Comm. 300
cso             105/tcp    CCSO name server protocol
cso             105/udp    CCSO name server protocol
csnet-ns        105/tcp    Mailbox Name Nameserver
csnet-ns        105/udp    Mailbox Name Nameserver
3com-tsmux      106/tcp    3COM-TSMUX
3com-tsmux      106/udp    3COM-TSMUX
rtelnet         107/tcp    Remote Telnet Service
rtelnet         107/udp    Remote Telnet Service
snagas          108/tcp    SNA Gateway Access Server
snagas          108/udp    SNA Gateway Access Server
pop2            109/tcp    Post Office Protocol - Version 2
pop2            109/udp    Post Office Protocol - Version 2
pop3            110/tcp    Post Office Protocol - Version 3
pop3            110/udp    Post Office Protocol - Version 3
sunrpc          111/tcp    SUN Remote Procedure Call
sunrpc          111/udp    SUN Remote Procedure Call
mcidas          112/tcp    McIDAS Data Transmission Protocol
mcidas          112/udp    McIDAS Data Transmission Protocol
ident           113/tcp    
auth            113/tcp    Authentication Service
auth            113/udp    Authentication Service
audionews       114/tcp    Audio News Multicast
audionews       114/udp    Audio News Multicast
sftp            115/tcp    Simple File Transfer Protocol
sftp            115/udp    Simple File Transfer Protocol
ansanotify      116/tcp    ANSA REX Notify
ansanotify      116/udp    ANSA REX Notify
uucp-path       117/tcp    UUCP Path Service
uucp-path       117/udp    UUCP Path Service
sqlserv         118/tcp    SQL Services
sqlserv         118/udp    SQL Services
nntp            119/tcp    Network News Transfer Protocol
nntp            119/udp    Network News Transfer Protocol
cfdptkt         120/tcp    CFDPTKT
cfdptkt         120/udp    CFDPTKT
erpc            121/tcp    Encore Expedited Remote Pro.Call
erpc            121/udp    Encore Expedited Remote Pro.Call
smakynet        122/tcp    SMAKYNET
smakynet        122/udp    SMAKYNET
ntp             123/tcp    Network Time Protocol
ntp             123/udp    Network Time Protocol 
ansatrader      124/tcp    ANSA REX Trader
ansatrader      124/udp    ANSA REX Trader
locus-map       125/tcp    Locus PC-Interface Net Map Ser
locus-map       125/udp    Locus PC-Interface Net Map Ser
unitary         126/tcp    Unisys Unitary Login
unitary         126/udp    Unisys Unitary Login
locus-con       127/tcp    Locus PC-Interface Conn Server
locus-con       127/udp    Locus PC-Interface Conn Server
gss-xlicen      128/tcp    GSS X License Verification
gss-xlicen      128/udp    GSS X License Verification
pwdgen          129/tcp    Password Generator Protocol
pwdgen          129/udp    Password Generator Protocol
cisco-fna       130/tcp    cisco FNATIVE
cisco-fna       130/udp    cisco FNATIVE
cisco-tna       131/tcp    cisco TNATIVE
cisco-tna       131/udp    cisco TNATIVE
cisco-sys       132/tcp    cisco SYSMAINT
cisco-sys       132/udp    cisco SYSMAINT
statsrv         133/tcp    Statistics Service
statsrv         133/udp    Statistics Service
ingres-net      134/tcp    INGRES-NET Service
ingres-net      134/udp    INGRES-NET Service
epmap           135/tcp    DCE endpoint resolution
epmap           135/udp    DCE endpoint resolution
profile         136/tcp    PROFILE Naming System           
profile         136/udp    PROFILE Naming System           
netbios-ns      137/tcp    NETBIOS Name Service    
netbios-ns      137/udp    NETBIOS Name Service    
netbios-dgm     138/tcp    NETBIOS Datagram Service
netbios-dgm     138/udp    NETBIOS Datagram Service
netbios-ssn     139/tcp    NETBIOS Session Service
netbios-ssn     139/udp    NETBIOS Session Service
emfis-data      140/tcp    EMFIS Data Service
emfis-data      140/udp    EMFIS Data Service
emfis-cntl      141/tcp    EMFIS Control Service
emfis-cntl      141/udp    EMFIS Control Service 
bl-idm          142/tcp    Britton-Lee IDM           
bl-idm          142/udp    Britton-Lee IDM           
imap            143/tcp    Internet Message Access Protocol
imap            143/udp    Internet Message Access Protocol
uma             144/tcp    Universal Management Architecture
uma             144/udp    Universal Management Architecture
uaac            145/tcp    UAAC Protocol             
uaac            145/udp    UAAC Protocol             
iso-tp0         146/tcp    ISO-IP0
iso-tp0         146/udp    ISO-IP0
iso-ip          147/tcp    ISO-IP
iso-ip          147/udp    ISO-IP 
jargon          148/tcp    Jargon
jargon          148/udp    Jargon
aed-512         149/tcp    AED 512 Emulation Service           
aed-512         149/udp    AED 512 Emulation Service           
sql-net         150/tcp    SQL-NET                    
sql-net         150/udp    SQL-NET                    
hems            151/tcp    HEMS                              
hems            151/udp    HEMS                              
bftp            152/tcp    Background File Transfer Program 
bftp            152/udp    Background File Transfer Program 
sgmp            153/tcp    SGMP                    
sgmp            153/udp    SGMP                    
netsc-prod      154/tcp    NETSC                             
netsc-prod      154/udp    NETSC                             
netsc-dev       155/tcp    NETSC                             
netsc-dev       155/udp    NETSC                             
sqlsrv          156/tcp    SQL Service                  
sqlsrv          156/udp    SQL Service                  
knet-cmp        157/tcp    KNET/VM Command/Message Protocol
knet-cmp        157/udp    KNET/VM Command/Message Protocol
pcmail-srv      158/tcp    PCMail Server                 
pcmail-srv      158/udp    PCMail Server                 
nss-routing     159/tcp    NSS-Routing                  
nss-routing     159/udp    NSS-Routing                  
sgmp-traps      160/tcp    SGMP-TRAPS                
sgmp-traps      160/udp    SGMP-TRAPS                
snmp            161/tcp    SNMP
snmp            161/udp    SNMP
snmptrap        162/tcp    SNMPTRAP
snmptrap        162/udp    SNMPTRAP
cmip-man        163/tcp    CMIP/TCP Manager   
cmip-man        163/udp    CMIP/TCP Manager   
cmip-agent      164/tcp    CMIP/TCP Agent     
smip-agent      164/udp    CMIP/TCP Agent     
xns-courier     165/tcp    Xerox                          
xns-courier     165/udp    Xerox                          
s-net           166/tcp    Sirius Systems          
s-net           166/udp    Sirius Systems          
namp            167/tcp    NAMP                    
namp            167/udp    NAMP                    
rsvd            168/tcp    RSVD                              
rsvd            168/udp    RSVD                              
send            169/tcp    SEND                              
send            169/udp    SEND                              
print-srv       170/tcp    Network PostScript              
print-srv       170/udp    Network PostScript              
multiplex       171/tcp    Network Innovations Multiplex
multiplex       171/udp    Network Innovations Multiplex
cl/1            172/tcp    Network Innovations CL/1     
cl/1            172/udp    Network Innovations CL/1     
xyplex-mux      173/tcp    Xyplex                          
xyplex-mux      173/udp    Xyplex                          
mailq           174/tcp    MAILQ                               
mailq           174/udp    MAILQ                               
vmnet           175/tcp    VMNET                                
vmnet           175/udp    VMNET  
genrad-mux      176/tcp    GENRAD-MUX                      
genrad-mux      176/udp    GENRAD-MUX                      
xdmcp           177/tcp    X Display Manager Control Protocol  
xdmcp           177/udp    X Display Manager Control Protocol  
nextstep        178/tcp    NextStep Window Server     
nextstep        178/udp    NextStep Window Server     
bgp             179/tcp    Border Gateway Protocol             
bgp             179/udp    Border Gateway Protocol             
ris             180/tcp    Intergraph                         
ris             180/udp    Intergraph                         
unify           181/tcp    Unify                  
unify           181/udp    Unify                  
audit           182/tcp    Unisys Audit SITP                  
audit           182/udp    Unisys Audit SITP                              
ocbinder        183/udp    OCBinder                     
ocserver        184/tcp    OCServer                     
ocserver        184/udp    OCServer                     
remote-kis      185/tcp    Remote-KIS                        
remote-kis      185/udp    Remote-KIS                        
kis             186/tcp    KIS Protocol                      
kis             186/udp    KIS Protocol                       
aci             187/tcp    Application Communication Interface
aci             187/udp    Application Communication Interface
mumps           188/tcp    Plus Five's MUMPS            
mumps           188/udp    Plus Five's MUMPS            
qft             189/tcp    Queued File Transport        
qft             189/udp    Queued File Transport        
gacp            190/tcp    Gateway Access Control Protocol
gacp            190/udp    Gateway Access Control Protocol
prospero        191/tcp    Prospero Directory Service      
prospero        191/udp    Prospero Directory Service      
osu-nms         192/tcp    OSU Network Monitoring System       
osu-nms         192/udp    OSU Network Monitoring System       
srmp            193/tcp    Spider Remote Monitoring Protocol 
srmp            193/udp    Spider Remote Monitoring Protocol 
irc             194/tcp    Internet Relay Chat Protocol        
irc             194/udp    Internet Relay Chat Protocol        
dn6-nlm-aud     195/tcp    DNSIX Network Level Module Audit    
dn6-nlm-aud     195/udp    DNSIX Network Level Module Audit    
dn6-smm-red     196/tcp    DNSIX Session Mgt Module Audit Redir
dn6-smm-red     196/udp    DNSIX Session Mgt Module Audit Redir
dls             197/tcp    Directory Location Service        
dls             197/udp    Directory Location Service        
dls-mon         198/tcp    Directory Location Service Monitor
dls-mon         198/udp    Directory Location Service Monitor
smux            199/tcp    SMUX
smux            199/udp    SMUX
src             200/tcp    IBM System Resource Controller
src             200/udp    IBM System Resource Controller
at-rtmp         201/tcp    AppleTalk Routing Maintenance       
at-rtmp         2

TROJAN PORTS
-----------------

port 21 - Back Construction, Blade Runner, Doly Trojan, Fore, FTP trojan, Invisible FTP, Larva, 
 WebEx, WinCrash
port 23 - Tiny Telnet Server (= TTS)
port 25 - Ajan, Antigen, Email Password Sender, Haebu Coceda (= Naebi), Happy 99, Kuang2, 
 ProMail trojan, Shtrilitz, Stealth, Tapiras, Terminator, WinPC, WinSpy
port 31 - Agent 31, Hackers Paradise, Masters Paradise
port 41 - DeepThroat
port 59 - DMSetup
port 79 - Firehotcker
port 80 - Executor, RingZero
port 99 - Hidden Port
port 110 - ProMail trojan
port 113 - Kazimas
port 119 - Happy 99
port 121 - JammerKillah
port 421 - TCP Wrappers
port 456 - Hackers Paradise
port 531 - Rasmin
port 555 - Ini-Killer, NeTAdmin, Phase Zero, Stealth Spy
port 666 - Attack FTP, Back Construction, Cain & Abel, Satanz Backdoor, ServeU, Shadow Phyre
port 911 - Dark Shadow
port 999 - DeepThroat, WinSatan
port 1001 - Silencer, WebEx
port 1010 - Doly Trojan
port 1011 - Doly Trojan
port 1012 - Doly Trojan
port 1015 - Doly Trojan
port 1024 - NetSpy
port 1042 - Bla
port 1045 - Rasmin
port 1090 - Xtreme
port 1170 - Psyber Stream Server, Streaming Audio trojan, Voice
port 1234 - Ultors Trojan
port 1243 - BackDoor-G, SubSeven, SubSeven Apocalypse
port 1245 - VooDoo Doll
port 1269 - Mavericks Matrix
port 1349 (UDP) - BO DLL
port 1492 - FTP99CMP
port 1509 - Psyber Streaming Server
port 1600 - Shivka-Burka
port 1807 - SpySender
port 1981 - Shockrave
port 1999 - BackDoor
port 1999 - TransScout
port 2000 - TransScout
port 2001 - TransScout 
port 2001 - Trojan Cow
port 2002 - TransScout 
port 2003 - TransScout 
port 2004 - TransScout 
port 2005 - TransScout 
port 2023 - Ripper
port 2115 - Bugs
port 2140 - Deep Throat, The Invasor
port 2155 - Illusion Mailer
port 2283 - HVL Rat5
port 2565 - Striker
port 2583 - WinCrash
port 2600 - Digital RootBeer
port 2801 - Phineas Phucker
port 2989 (UDP) - RAT
port 3024 - WinCrash
port 3128 - RingZero
port 3129 - Masters Paradise
port 3150 - Deep Throat, The Invasor
port 3459 - Eclipse 2000
port 3700 - Portal of Doom
port 3791 - Eclypse
port 3801 (UDP) - Eclypse
port 4092 - WinCrash
port 4321 - BoBo
port 4567 - File Nail
port 4590 - ICQTrojan
port 5000 - Bubbel, Back Door Setup, Sockets de Troie
port 5001 - Back Door Setup, Sockets de Troie
port 5011 - One of the Last Trojans (OOTLT)
port 5031 - NetMetro
port 5321 - Firehotcker
port 5400 - Blade Runner, Back Construction
port 5401 - Blade Runner, Back Construction
port 5402 - Blade Runner, Back Construction
port 5550 - Xtcp
port 5512 - Illusion Mailer
port 5555 - ServeMe
port 5556 - BO Facil
port 5557 - BO Facil
port 5569 - Robo-Hack
port 5742 - WinCrash
port 6400 - The Thing
port 6669 - Vampyre
port 6670 - DeepThroat
port 6771 - DeepThroat
port 6776 - BackDoor-G, SubSeven
port 6912 - Shit Heep (not port 69123!)
port 6939 - Indoctrination
port 6969 - GateCrasher, Priority, IRC 3
port 6970 - GateCrasher
port 7000 - Remote Grab, Kazimas
port 7300 - NetMonitor
port 7301 - NetMonitor
port 7306 - NetMonitor
port 7307 - NetMonitor
port 7308 - NetMonitor
port 7789 - Back Door Setup, ICKiller
port 8080 - RingZero
port 9400 - InCommand
port 9872 - Portal of Doom
port 9873 - Portal of Doom
port 9874 - Portal of Doom
port 9875 - Portal of Doom
port 9876 - Cyber Attacker
port 9878 - TransScout
port 9989 - iNi-Killer
port 10067 (UDP) - Portal of Doom
port 10101 - BrainSpy
port 10167 (UDP) - Portal of Doom
port 10520 - Acid Shivers
port 10607 - Coma
port 11000 - Senna Spy
port 11223 - Progenic trojan
port 12076 - Gjamer
port 12223 - Hack99 KeyLogger
port 12345 - GabanBus, NetBus, Pie Bill Gates, X-bill
port 12346 - GabanBus, NetBus, X-bill
port 12361 - Whack-a-mole
port 12362 - Whack-a-mole
port 12631 - WhackJob
port 13000 - Senna Spy
port 16969 - Priority
port 17300 - Kuang2 The Virus
port 20000 - Millennium
port 20001 - Millennium
port 20034 - NetBus 2 Pro
port 20203 - Logged
port 21544 - GirlFriend
port 22222 - Prosiak
port 23456 - Evil FTP, Ugly FTP, Whack Job
port 23476 - Donald Dick
port 23477 - Donald Dick
port 26274 (UDP) - Delta Source
port 29891 (UDP) - The Unexplained
port 30029 - AOL Trojan
port 30100 - NetSphere
port 30101 - NetSphere
port 30102 - NetSphere
port 30303 - Sockets de Troi
port 30999 - Kuang2
port 31336 - Bo Whack
port 31337 - Baron Night, BO client, BO2, Bo Facil
port 31337 (UDP) - BackFire, Back Orifice, DeepBO
port 31338 - NetSpy DK
port 31338 (UDP) - Back Orifice, DeepBO
port 31339 - NetSpy DK
port 31666 - BOWhack
port 31785 - HackaTack
port 31787 - HackaTack
port 31788 - HackaTack
port 31789 (UDP) - HackaTack
port 31791 (UDP) - HackaTack
port 31792 - HackaTack
port 33333 - Prosiak
port 33911 - Spirit 2001a
port 34324 - BigGluck, TN
port 40412 - The Spy
port 40421 - Agent 40421, Masters Paradise 
port 40422 - Masters Paradise 
port 40423 - Masters Paradise 
port 40426 - Masters Paradise
port 47262 (UDP) - Delta Source
port 50505 - Sockets de Troie
port 50766 - Fore, Schwindler
port 53001 - Remote Windows Shutdown
port 54320 - Back Orifice 2000
port 54321 - School Bus
port 54321 (UDP) - Back Orifice 2000
port 60000 - Deep Throat
port 61466 - Telecommando
port 65000 - Devil



    ******************* 
        Hackers Acronym Dicitonary 
    ******************* 
 
 
A 
 
A3D    Aureal 3D surround sound technology. 
AA    Anti-Aliasing edge smoothing technology (3D video). 
AAAS    American Association for the Advancement of Science. 
AAF    Advanced Authoring format (Microsoft video). 
AC    Alternating Current. 
AC-3    Dolby Digital 5.1 Surround Sound standard (5 + 1 = 6 channels). 
ACPI    Advanced Configuration Power Interface. 
ADC    Analog to Digital Converter. 
ADPCM    Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation. 
ADSL    Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line modem. 
AFM    Atomic Force Microscope. 
AFR    Alternate Frame Rendering (ATI Rage Fury MAXX). 
AGP    Accelerated Graphics Port technology standard (Intel). 
AGP-1x   Accelerated Graphics Port technology 1st generation standard: 66 
MB/sec bandwidth   (Intel). 
AGP-2x   Accelerated Graphics Port technology 2nd generation standard using 
sidebands: 133   MB/sec bandwidth (Intel). 
AGP-4x   Accelerated Graphics Port technology 3nd generation standard using 
fast writes:   266 MB/sec bandwidth (Intel). 
AGRAS    AntiGlare AntiReflection AntiStatic screen treatment (CRT). 
AI    Artificial Intelligence. 
AIFF    Audio Interchange File Format (Apple). 
AIT    Advanced Intelligent Tape (Sony). 
ALDC    Adaptive Lossless Data Compression (IBM). 
AMD    Advanced Micro Devices Incorporated. 
AMI    American Megatrends Incorporated. 
ANI    Microsoft Windows ANImated cursor graphic file. 
ANSI    American National Standards Institute. 
AOL    America OnLine Incorporated - a public Online Service Provider. 
API    Application Programming Interface. 
APIC    Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controler. 
APM    Advanced Power Management. 
ARAG    AntiReflection AntiGlare screen treatment (CRT). 
ARAS    AntiReflection AntiStatic screen treatment (CRT). 
ARP    Address Resolution Protocol. 
ARPAnet  The ancestor of the internet, created in 1969 by the US Department 
of Defence.    Standing for Advanced Research Projects Asscosiation NETwork 
ASC    Active Signal Correction technology (Sony CRT). 
ASCII    American Standard Code for Information Interchange. 
ASF    Advanced Streaming Format (Microsoft NetShow). 
ASIC    Application Specific Integrated Circuit. 
ASP (1)   Advanced Sound Processor (Creative Labs). 
ASP (2)   Application Service Provider. 
ASPI    Advanced SCSI Programming Interface. 
ASVD    Analog Simultaneous Voice and Data. 
Async   SRAM  Asynchronous Static Random Access Memory (CPU L2 cache). 
AT    Advanced Technology (Intel motherboard form factor). 
ATA    Advanced Technology Attachment (ANSI standard for Integrated 
DriveElectronics). 
ATA-4    Ultra ATA/Ultra DMA 33.3 MB/second tranfer rate (EIDE/ATA hard 
drive standard). 
ATA-6    Ultra ATA/Ultra DMA 66.6 MB/second tranfer rate (EIDE/ATA hard 
drive standard). 
ATAPI    Advanced Technology Attachment Packet Interface. 
Athlon   AMD Athlon K7 CPU. 
ATM (1)   Adobe Type Manager. 
ATM (2)   Asynchronous Transfer Mode (network). 
ATSC    Advanced Television Systems Committee. 
ATV    Advanced TeleVision (i.e. HDTV). 
ATX    Advanced Technology EXtended (Intel motherboard form factor). 
AUTOEXEC.BAT   AUTOmatically EXECuted BATch file. 
AVI    Advanced Video Interleave (Microsoft video). 
AWR    Active Wide Range playback system (Toshiba CD-ROM). 
AXCEL216   Packard Bell AXCEL216 386/SX 25 MHz (my first PC). 
 
B 
 
b (1)    bit (binary digit): unit of information: 0 or 1. 
B (2)    Byte (1 Byte, 8 bits). 
BASIC    Beginners All purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. 
BAT    MS-DOS ASCII BATch program file. 
Baud    Modem line (carrier) signaling high/low shifts/events per second. 
BBS    Bulletin Board System.  A system that allows you to read other 
people's messages   and post new ones. 
BDA    BIOS Data Area. 
BEDO    Burst Extended Data Out (DRAM). 
BGA    Ball Grid Array (242 pin Intel CPU). 
BIF    Binary Image Format file. 
BIOS    Basic Input/Output System. 
bit   The smallest measure for computer data.  Eight bits make up a byte. 
One byte    equals one character. 
BMP    RGB/RLE encoded Microsoft Windows BitMap Picture file. 
bpp    bits per pixel. 
Bps    Bytes per second. 
bps    bits per second. 
BSB    Back Side Bus (motherboard CPU to RAM bus). 
BSOD    Blue Screen Of Death [Microsoft Windows most dreaded "feature" :)]. 
bus    Binary data gateway between hardware modules: CPU, RAM, I/O etc. 
  byte Series of bits, usually eight in length.  Bytes are used to describe 
computer storage. 
 
C 
 
CAB    CABinet compression format standard (Microsoft). 
CAD    Computer Aided Design. 
CADD    Computer Aided Design and Drafting. 
CAS    Column Access Strobe. 
CAV    Constant Angular Velocity (compact disc). 
CCITT    Commit Consultatif International du Tlgraphe et Tlphonie 
(International    Telegraph and Telephony Consultative Committee). 
CD    Compact Disk. 
CD-DA    Compact Disk Digital Audio. 
CDFS    CD-ROM File System (data CD). 
CD-I    Compact Disc Interactive. 
CDR    CorelDRAW! image file. 
CDRAM    Cache Dynamic Random Access Memory. 
CD-R    Compact Disk Recorder. 
CD-RAM   Compact Disk Rewritable Access Media. 
CD-ROM   Compact Disk Read Only Media. 
CD-ROM/XA   Compact Disk Read Only Media EXtended Architecture (Sony, 
Philips, Microsoft). 
CD-RW    Compact Disk ReWritable. 
CDSL    Consumer Digital Subscriber Line modem (Rockwell). 
Celeron   Intel Pentium II/III Celeron CPU (80686). 
CERT    Computer Emergency Response Team. 
CGA    Color Graphics Adapter. 
CGI (1)   Computer Generated Image. 
CGI (2)   Common Gateway Interface. 
CGM    Computer Graphics Metafile. 
CHAP    Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol. 
CHS    Cylinder/Head/Sector. 
CIAC    Computer Incident Advisory Capability team. 
CISC    Complex Instruction Set Computing (CPU). 
CIX   The Commercial Internet Exchange. An association of Internet providers 
which    agrees to exchange traffic. 
CL    Creative Labs Limited. 
CLP    Microsoft Windows CLiPboard Bitmap file. 
CLV    Constant Linear Velocity (compact disk). 
CMOS    Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor manufacturing process. 
CMOS 7S   CMOS 7S manufacturing process (IBM). 
CMOS-SOS   CMOS Silicon On Sapphire manufacturing process. 
CMP    Chip MultiProcessing (more than 1 CPU per chip). 
CMS    ColorSync Color Management System (Apple). 
COBOL    COmmon Business Oriented Language. 
CODEC    Digital video COmpressor and DECompressor (Intel Indeo). 
com   When this appears at the end of an address (e.g. john.doe@acme.com) it 
means the   organisation for which Mr Doe works is a company, rather than an 
educational    establishment or government agency. 
COM (1)   Serial COMmunication Port. 
COM (2)   Component Object Model (Microsoft). 
CON    CONsole (display). 
CONFIG.SYS   CONFIGuration SYStem file. 
country code  The last part of an e-mail address (or domain name) indicating 
where the host    computer is based. (eg .uk is United Kingdom) 
cps    characters per second. 
CPU    Central Processing Unit (processor). 
CRC    Cyclical Redundancy Check. 
CRT    Cathode Ray Tube. 
CS    CompuServe. 
CSLIP    Compressed Serial Line Internet Protocol. 
CSS    Cascading Style Sheets HTML specifications (W3C). 
CSS1    Cascading Style Sheets mechanism level 1 (W3C). 
CSS2    Cascading Style Sheets mechanism level 2 (W3C). 
CUR    Microsoft Windows static CURsor graphic file. 
CUT    Dr. Halo picture file. 
 
D 
 
D3D    DirectX 3D APIs (Microsoft Windows 9x/2000/Millennium). 
DAC    Digital to Analog Converter. 
DAT    Digital Audio Tape. 
dB    deciBel (10 dB = 1 Bel). 
DBS    Digital Broadcasting System. 
DC    Direct Current. 
DCE    Data Communications Equipment (modem to modem speed). 
DDC    Display Data Channel. 
DDE    Dynamic Data Exchange. 
DDMA    Distributed Direct Memory Access standard. 
DDR-SDRAM   Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory. 
DDSS    Dolby Digital AC-3 5.1 Surround Sound standard (5 + 1 = 6 channels). 
DEK    Data Encryption Key. 
DES    Data Encryption Standard. 
DHCP    Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. 
DHTML    Dynamic HyperText Markup Language (W3C). 
DIB (1)   RGB/RLE encoded Microsoft Windows Device Independent Bitmap. 
DIB (2)   Dual Independent Bus architecture (Intel Pentium Pro and Pentium 
II/III). 
DIG    Digital Imaging Group. 
DIMM    Dual In-line Memory Module. 
DIN    Deutsches Institut fr Normung (German Institute for Standards). 
DIP    Dual In-line Package. 
DIVX    DIgital Video eXpress (discontinued DVD standard). 
DLC    Data Link Control protocol. 
DLL    Dynamic Link Library. 
DLP    Digital Light Processing technology. 
DLS    DownLoadable Sounds standard (PCI MIDI). 
DMA    Direct Memory Access. 
DME    Direct Memory Execution (Intel I-740). 
DMF    Distribution Media Format: high density floppy disk (Microsoft). 
DMI    Desktop Management Interface. 
DMTF    Desktop Management Task Force. 
DNA    Distributed interNet Applications architecture (Windows 98). 
DNS    Domain Name Server.  A computer on the Internet which turns the 
people-friendly   Internet domain names into the numerical IP addresses that 
computer use. 
DOCSIS   ITU J.112 Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification. 
DOF    Depth Of Field (3D video). 
DOM    Document Object Model standard (W3C). 
DOS    Disk Operating System. 
DPI   Dots Per Inch. 
DPLSS    Dolby Pro Logic Surround Sound standard (5 channels). 
DPMA    Dynamic Power Management Architecture (Intel PCI/AGP chipsets). 
DPMI    DOS Protected Mode Interface. 
DPMS    VESA Display Power Management Signaling standard. 
DRAM    Dynamic Random Access Memory. 
DR-DOS   Caldera Digital Research Disk Operating System. 
Drive-TIP   Drive Temperature Indicator Processor (IBM hard drive). 
DRP    Distribution and Replication Protocol. 
DRW    Micrografx DRaW image file. 
DS3D    DirectXSound 3D APIs (Microsoft Windows 9x/2000/Millennium). 
DSC    Digital Servo Control (Toshiba CD-ROM). 
DS/DD    Double-Sided Double-Density (floppy disk standard: 720 KB). 
DS/HD    Double-Sided High-Density (floppy disk standard: 1.44 MB). 
DSL    Digital Subscriber Line modem. 
DSP (1)   Digital Signal Processor. 
DSP (2)   Delivery Service Partner (OEM). 
DSS (1)   Digital Satellite System. 
DSS (2)   Digital Signature Standard certificate. 
DSVD    Digital Simultaneous Voice and Data. 
DTD    Document Type Definition. 
DTE    Data Terminal Equipment (modem to computer speed). 
DTP    DeskTop Publishing. 
DTR    Data Transfer Rate (throughput). 
DTV (1)   DeskTop Video. 
DTV (2)   Digital TeleVision. 
DUN    Dial-Up Networking (Microsoft Windows 95/98). 
DVD    Digital Versatile (Video) Disc. 
DVD-2    Second generation DVD drive. 
DVD-R    Digital Versatile Disk Recordable. 
DVD-RAM   Digital Versatile Disk Rewritable Access Media. 
DVD-ROM   Digital Versatile Disk Read Only Media. 
DVD+RW   Digital Versatile Disk ReWritable. 
DVI    Digital Video Interactive (Intel). 
DX    X86 Intel CPU with FPU (386/DX , 486/DX). 
DX3D    DirectX 3D APIs (Microsoft Windows 9x/2000/Millennium). 
DXF    AutoDesk picture File. 
DXR2    Dynamic eXtended Resolution 2 technology (Creative Labs DVD). 
DXTC    S3 DirectX3D Texture Compression APIs (S3 Savage3D/2000). 
 
E 
 
EAX    Environmental Audio EXtensions (Creative Labs DirectSound 3D Live! 
surround sound   extensions). 
EBDA    Extended BIOS Data Area. 
EBIOS    Extended Basic Input/Output System. 
ECC    Error Correction Code. 
ECP    Extended Capabilities Port. 
EDC    Error Detection Code. 
EDI    Electronic Data Interchange. 
EDO    Extended Data Out (DRAM). 
EDRAM    Enhanced Dynamic Random Access Memory. 
edu   When this appears at the end of an address it usually means that the 
address   holder works for an educational establishment. 
EECS    Enhanced Elliptical Correction System (Sony CRT). 
EEPROM   Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory. 
EGA    Extended Graphics Adapter. 
EIA    Electronics Industries Association. 
EICA    Enhanced Intellight Cooler Architecture. 
EIDE    Enhanced IDE. 
EISA    Extended Industry Standard Architecture. 
EISCA    Enhanced Intelligent System Cooler Architecture (CPU heatsink). 
E-mail   Electronic mail. 
EMM386   Microsoft 386 Expanded Memory Manager (EMM386.EXE). 
EMB    Extended Memory Block. 
EMI    ElectroMagnetical Interference. 
EMS    Expanded Memory Specifications. 
EMM    Expanded Memory Manager. 
EPA    Environmental Protection Agency. 
EPIC    Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing (Intel/HP). 
EPP    Enhanced Parallel Port. 
EPROM    Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory. 
EPS    Encapsulated PostScript File. 
ESCD    Extended System Configuration Data (ROM BIOS). 
ESD    ElectroStatic Discharge. 
ESDI    Enhanced System Device Interface. 
ESDRAM   Enhanced Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory. 
EULA    End User License Agreement. 
EUV    Extreme UltraViolet lithography (CPU). 
 
F 
 
FAQ   Frequently Asked Questions. 
FAST-20   Fast SCSI-3 Parallel Interface standard. 
FAT    File Allocation Table. 
FAT16    File Allocation Table 16-bit (MS-DOS). 
FAT32    File Allocation Table 32-bit (Windows 95/98). 
FCBS    File Control Blocks. 
FC-AL    Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop (Ultra Fast SCSI). 
FCC    Federal Communications Commission (USA). 
FC-PGA   Flip Chip Pin Grid Array package (Intel Pentium III E CPU). 
FC-PH    Fibre Channel PHysical and signaling interface (SCSI-3). 
FD    Floppy Disk (Drive). 
FDDI    Fiber Distributed Data Interface. 
FED    Field Emission Display. 
FIFO    First In First Out. 
FMD    Fluorescent Multilayer Disc (C3D 140 GB CD-ROM technology). 
FMV    Full Motion Video. 
FPD    Flat Panel Display. 
FPE    File Protection Error. 
FPM    Fast Page Mode (DRAM). 
fps    frames per second. 
FPU    Floating Point Unit (coprocessor). 
FRAM    Ferroelectric Random Access Memory. 
Frame-buffer   1st + 2nd dimensions/height + width/x + y axes memory (2D 
video). 
FSB    Front Side Bus (motherboard CPU to I/O bus). 
FTP    File Transfer Protocol.  A method of transferrinf files from one 
computer to    another that allows both computers to confirm successful 
receipt. 
Full-Duplex   Two way modem communication protocol (echo-plex). 
FXT1    Advanced Texture Compression technology (3Dfx). 
 
G 
 
GB    GigaByte (1 GB = 1024 MegaBytes = 1048576 KiloBytes). 
GBps    GigaBytes per second. 
gbps    gigabits per second. 
GDI    Graphics Device Interface. 
GEM    Ventura/GEM image file. 
GIF    Graphics Interchange Format (CompuServe). 
Glide    3Dfx Voodoo family proprietary 3D APIs. 
G.Lite   ITU G.992.2 1.4 Mbps Digital Subscriber Line modem standard (ADSL). 
GM    General MIDI standard. 
gov   When this appears at the end of an address it usually means the 
address holder    works for the US Federal Government 
GPF    General Protection Fault (Microsoft Windows). 
GMR    Giant MagnetoResistive effect (IBM hard drive). 
GPU    Graphics Processing Unit (nVidia GeForce 256 2D/3D). 
GUI    Graphical User Interface. 
GVIF    Gigabit Video InterFace (Sony LCD). 
 
H 
 
 
HAL    Hardware Abstraction Layer (3D video). 
Half-Duplex   One way modem communication protocol (simplex or local-echo). 
HAVi    Home Audio Video interoperability (entertainment APIs). 
HD    Hard Disk (Drive). 
HDA    High reliability Hard Disk Assembly. 
HDD    Hard Disk Drive. 
HDSL    High bit rate Digital Subscriber Line modem. 
HDSS    Holographic Data Storage System (IBM). 
HDTV    High Definition TeleVision (new digital TV standard: 1200 lines). 
HEL    Hardware Emulation Layer (Microsoft Direct3D). 
HFC    Hybrid Fiber Coaxial cable system. 
HFS    Hierarchical File System (CD-ROM, MacOS). 
HGL    Hewlett Packard Graphics Language image file. 
HID    Human Interface Devices. 
HiFD    High density 200 MB Floppy Drive standard (Sony/Fuji). 
Hi-Fi    High Fidelity (audio/video). 
HIMEM    Microsoft HIgh/Extended MEMory Manager (HIMEM.SYS). 
HIPPI    HIgh Performance Parallel Interface (ANSI X3T9.3 standard). 
HMA    High Memory Area. 
HP    Hewlett Packard Corporation. 
HPC    Handheld Personal Computer. 
HPFS    High Performance File System (OS/2). 
HSDRAM    High Speed Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory. 
HTML    HyperText Markup Language (W3C). 
HTTP    HyperText Transfer Protocol. 
HVD    High Voltage Differential standard (SCSI-2). 
Hz    Hertz (clock speed): 1 Hz = 1 clock cycle. 
 
I 
 
IA-32    Intel Architecture 32-bit (32-bit CPU). 
IA-64    Intel Architecture 64-bit (high-end 64-bit CPU). 
IBM    International Business Machines Corporation. 
IC    Interface Controller. 
ICD    Installable Client Driver (Microsoft 3D). 
ICMP    Internet Control Message Protocol. 
ICMPv6   Internet Control Message Protocol version 6. 
ICO    ICOn graphic file (Microsoft Windows). 
ICS    Internet Connection Sharing. 
IDCT    Inverse Discreet Cosine Transform (DVD decoding). 
IDE    Integrated Device (Drive) Electronics. 
IE    Microsoft Internet Explorer. 
IEEE    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. 
IEEE 1394   Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers FireWire 
peripheral devices   high performance serial bus standard. 
IETF    Internet Engineering Task Force. 
IFF    Electronic Arts Image File. 
IFSHLP.SYS   Installable File System HeLPer device driver (Microsoft 
Windows). 
IGMP    Internet Group Management Protocol. 
IMA    Interactive Music Architecture (Microsoft). 
IMAP    Internet Mail Access Protocol. 
IMAP4    Internet Mail Access Protocol level 4. 
IMG    GEM Paint image file. 
InterNIC   Internet Network Information Center. 
I/O    Input/Output. 
ION    Integrated On-demand Network (Sprint FastBreak). 
IP    Internet Protocol. 
IPF    Invalid Page Fault (Microsoft Windows). 
IPv4    Internet Protocol version 4 (32-bit). 
IPv6    Internet Protocol version 6 (128-bit). 
IPX    Internetwork Packet EXchange (Novell Netware). 
IRC    Internet Relay Chat. 
IrDA    Infrared Data Association. 
IRQ    Interrupt ReQuest line. 
ISA    Industry Standard Architecture. 
ISDN    Integrated Services Digital Network. 
ISO    International Organization for Standardization. 
ISO 9660   International Standard LOgical CD-ROM format (High Sierra). 
ISP    Internet Service Provider. 
ITU    International Telecommunications Union. 
 
J 
 
Java    Sun Microsystems programming language. 
JAR    Java ARchive file. 
JDK    Java Developers Kit. 
JEDEC    Joint Electronic Device Engineering Council. 
JFC    Java Foundation Classes. 
JIF    Joint Photographers Expert Group Image file. 
JPEG    Joint Photographers Expert Group Picture standard. 
JPG    Joint Photographers Expert Group Picture file. 
JVM    Java Virtual Machine. 
 
K 
 
K56flex    Lucent/Rockwell 56 kbps analog modem transfer standard. 
KB    KiloByte (1 KB = 1024 Bytes). 
KBps    KiloBytes per second. 
kbps    kilobits per second. 
KNI    Intel Katmai/Coppermine CPU New 70 MMX extensions. 
 
L 
 
L1    Level 1 cache (on CPU). 
L2    Level 2 cache (off CPU). 
L2TP    Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol. 
L3    Level 3 cache (off CPU SMP). 
LAN    Local Area Network. 
LAPM    Link Access Protocol for Modems. 
LBA    Logical Block Addressing (hard disk access). 
LBM    DeLuxe Paint BitMap picture file. 
LCD    Liquid Crystal Display. 
LDAP   Lightweight Directory Access Protocol. 
LDIF    Lightweight Data Interchange Format (e-mail). 
LED    Light Emitting Diode. 
LEP    Light Emitting Polymers technology (CDT monitor). 
LFB    Linear Frame Buffer (2D video). 
LFN    Long File Name (256.8 = Win32 32-bit). 
LFO    Low Frequency Oscillator. 
LH    LoadHigh. 
LIM    Lotus/Intel/Microsoft expanded/extended memory specifications. 
LIMAD   LInear MAgnetic Drive speaker technology (Soundmatters). 
LMDS    Local Multipoint Distribution Service. 
LPC    Low Pin Count interface specification (Intel). 
LPT    Line PrinTer. 
LTO    Linear Tape-Open technology (IBM,  HP,  Seagate). 
LVD    Low Voltage Differential (SCSI-2). 
 
M 
 
MAC    MAC Paint picture file. 
MAPI    Messaging Application Program Interface. 
mil   When these letters appear at the end of an email address or domain 
name, it means   that the computer referred to is probably operated by some 
part of the US    military. 
MB    MegaByte (1 MB = 1024 KiloBytes = 1048576 bytes). 
MBps    MegaBytes per second. 
mbps    megabits per second. 
MBR    Master Boot Record (partition table). 
MCA    Multilink Channel Aggregation technology (Microsoft Windows 98). 
MCD    Mini Client Driver (Microsoft 3D). 
MCGA    MonoChrome Graphics Adapter. 
MCI    Media Control Interface. 
MDA    Modular Digital Architecture. 
MDI    Multiple Document Interface. 
MDRAM    Multibank Dynamic Random Access Memory (MoSys). 
MGA    Monochrome Graphics Adapter. 
MHz    MegaHertz (1 MHz = 1000 KHz = 1000000 Hz). 
MIDI    Musical Instrument Digital Interface. 
MIME    Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions. 
MIP    Multum In Parvum texture mapping. 
MIPS    Millions of Instructions per Second. 
MLA    Modern Languages Association. 
MLPPP    MultiLink Point to Point Protocol. 
MMA    MIDI Manufacturer's Association. 
MMVF    MultiMedia Video Format (NEC DVD). 
MMX    Intel Pentium/Pentium Pro CPU MultiMedia eXtensions. 
MMX2    Intel Pentium II CPU MultiMedia eXtensions 2nd generation. 
MO    MagnetoOptical. 
MODEM    MOdulator/DEModulator (data to analog 
converter/transmitter/receiver). 
MOV    QuickTime MOVie file (Apple). 
MP3    MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 compression/format standard. 
MPC    Multimedia Personal Computer. 
MPEG    Motion Picture Expert Group. 
MPEG-1   Motion Picture Expert Group 1 video compression standard. 
MPEG-2   Motion Picture Expert Group 2 video compression standard. 
MPG    Motion Picture Expert Group compressed image file standard. 
MPGA    Micro Pin Grid Array (370 pin Intel CPU). 
MR    MagnetoResistive head technology (HDD). 
MRX    MagnetoResistive EXtended head technology (IBM HDD). 
s    Microsecond (1/1,000000 = 1 millionth of a second). 
MS    MicroSoft Corporation. 
MS-DOS   MicroSoft Disk Operating System. 
MSCDEX   MicroSoft Compact Disc EXtensions device driver (MSCDEX.EXE). 
MSD    MicroSoft Diagnostics (MSD.EXE). 
MSKB    MicroSoft Knowledge Base. 
MSP    MicroSoft Paint picture file. 
MSRP    Manufacturer Suggested Retail Price. 
MSS    Maximum Segment Size (Internet protocol). 
MTBF    Mean Time Between Failures. 
MTT    MultiTransaction Timer (PCI). 
MTU    Maximum Transmission Unit (Internet protocol). 
MUD    MultiUser Domain. 
MVA    Multidomain Vertical Alignment technology (LCD screen). 
 
N 
 
NC    Network Computer. 
NDIS    Network Driver Interface Specification layer. 
NetRoom   Helix Software 386 Expanded Memory Manager (RM386.EXE). 
NFS    Network File System. 
NGI    Next Generation Internet foundation. 
NIC (1)   Network Interface Card. 
NIC (2)   Networked Information Center. 
NIST    National Institute of Standards and Technology. 
NLP    Natural Language Processing. 
NNTP    Network News Transfer Protocol. 
NOS    Network Operating System. 
ns    Nanosecond (1/1,000,000,000 = 1 billionth of a second). 
NSFNET   The National Science Foundation's network, a part of the Internet 
devoted to    research and education, and funded by the US government.  Took 
over from ARPAnet,   the ancestor of the Internet 
NTFS    Windows NT File System standard (32-bit). 
NTSC    National Television Systems Committee (USA TV standard: 525 lines). 
NVRAM    Non Volatile Random Access Memory. 
 
O 
 
OAW    Optically Assisted Winchester technology (Seagate hard drive). 
OCR    Optical Character Recognition. 
ODBC    Open DataBase Connectivity. 
OEM    Original Equipment Manufacturer. 
OGL    OpenGL (see below). 
OLGA    Organic Land Grid Array (Intel Pentium III CPU). 
OLE    Object Linking and Embedding. 
OOB    Out Of Band. 
OpenGL   Silicon Graphics Open standard Graphical Language (32-bit 3D 
graphics     architecture layout). 
OpenGVS   Open Gemini Visual System 3D APIs standard. 
OPS    Open Profiling Standard. 
OS    Operating System. 
OS/2    IBM Operating System/2. 
OSD    Open Software Distribution. 
OSR1    OEM Service Release 1 (Microsoft Windows 95 version 4.00.950 a: 1st 
release    upgraded with SP1). Retail + OEM. 
OSR2    OEM Service Release 2 (Microsoft Windows 95 version 4.00.950 B/C: 
2nd release).   OEM only. 
 
P 
 
P II    Intel Pentium II CPU (80686 Klamath/Deschutes/Xeon). 
P III    Intel Pentium III CPU (80686 Katmai/Coppermine/Xeon). 
P5    Intel Pentium/Pentium Pro CPU (80586). 
P6    Intel Pentium II/III CPU (80686). 
PAL    Phase Alternate Line (European TV standard: 625 lines). 
PAP    Password Authentication Protocol. 
PBC    Pipeline Burst Cache. 
PBM    Portable BitMap UNIX picture file. 
PBSRAM   Pipeline Burst Static Random Access Memory (CPU L2 cache). 
PC    Personal Computer. 
PC99    Intel/Microsoft PC 1999 System Design Guide. 
PCB    Printed Circuit Board. 
PCD    Kodak Photo CD image file. 
PCI   Peripheral Component Interconnect bus architecture: 32-bit, 33/66 MHz 
(Intel). 
PCI 2.1   Peripheral Component Interconnect 2.1 standard: 32-bit, 33/66 MHz 
(Intel). 
PCI 2.2   Peripheral Component Interconnect 2.2 standard: 32-bit,  33/66/133 
MHz (Intel). 
PCI-X    Peripheral Component Interconnect eXtended bus architecture: 
64-bit, 133 MHz    (Intel/Compaq/HP/IBM). 
PCL    Printer Control Language. 
PCM    Pulse Code Modulation. 
PCMCIA   Personal Computer Memory Card International Association. 
PCS    Personal Communications Service. 
PCX    Zsoft PC Paintbrush Picture file. 
PDA    Personal Digital Assistant. 
PDF    Portable Document Format file (Adobe Acrobat). 
PDP    Parallel Data Processing (Intel I-740). 
pel    Picture ELement: RGB 3 dot pattern (color TV). Also pixel. 
Pentium   Intel Pentium CPU (80586). 
Pentium Pro   Intel Pentium Pro CPU (80586). 
Pentium II   Intel Pentium II CPU (80686 Klamath/Deschutes/Xeon). 
Pentium III   Intel Pentium III CPU (80686 Katmai/Coppermine/Xeon). 
PERL    Practical Extraction and Report Language. 
PFPT    Pure Flat Picture Tube. 
PGM    Portable GrayMap UNIX picture file. 
PIC (1)   Programmable Interrupt Controller. 
PIC (2)   Lotus PICtor/PC Paint picture file. 
PIF    Program Information File (Microsoft Windows). 
PIM    Personal Information Manager. 
PING    Packet InterNet Groper. 
PIO    Programmed Input/Output. 
pixel    PIcture ELement: RGB 3 dot pattern (color CRT). Also pel. 
PLEDM    Phase-state Low Electron Drive Memory (Hitachi). 
PLGA    Plastic Land Grid Array (Intel Pentium II CPU). 
PLL    Phase Locked Loop (CPU clock multiplier chip). 
PMTU    Path Maximum Transmission Unit (Internet protocol). 
PNG    Portable Network Graphics file. 
PnP    Plug and Play standard. 
POP (1)   Post Office Protocol. 
PoP (2)   Point of Presence. 
POP3    Post Office Protocol 3 standard. 
POST    Power On Self Test (BIOS). 
POTS    Plain Old Telephone Service. 
PPGA    Plastic Pin Grid Array (370 pin Intel CPU). 
PPI    Precise Pixel Interpolation (Intel I-740). 
PPM    Portable PixelMap UNIX picture file. 
PPP    Point to Point Protocol. 
PPTP    Point to Point Tunneling Protocol. 
PRI    Primary Rate Interface. 
PRML    Partial Response Maximum Likelihood (hard drive). 
PRN    PRiNter port. 
PS/2    IBM Personal System/2. 
PSD    RGB/indexed PhotoShop image file (Aldus). 
PSTN    Public Switched Telephone Network. 
PVR    Personal Video Recorder (TV to digital). 
 
Q 
 
QBE    Query By Example. 
QDR-SDRAM   Quad Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory. 
QEMM    Quarterdeck 386 Expanded Memory Manager (QEMM386.SYS). 
QOS    Quality Of Service. 
 
R 
 
RAID    Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks. 
RAM    Random Access Memory. 
RAMDAC   Random Access Memory Digital to Analog Converter. 
RARP    Reverse Address Resolution Protocol. 
RAS (1)   Sun Microsystems Raster image file. 
RAS (2)   Row Access Strobe. 
RAS (3)   Remote Access Service (Microsoft Windows NT/2000). 
RAVE    Rendering Acceleration Virtual Engine (Apple). 
RAW    Unencoded pixel data image file. 
RDF    Resource Description Framework (Netscape Aurora). 
RDRAM    Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory. 
REG    REGistry text/ASCII file (Microsoft Windows 9x/NT/2000/Millennium). 
Registry   Microsoft Windows 9x/NT/2000/Millennium Registry database. 
RegEdit   Microsoft Windows 9x/NT/2000/Millennium Registry Editor 
(REGEDIT.EXE). 
RegEdt32   Microsoft Windows NT/2000 Registry Editor (REGEDT32.EXE). 
RFC    Request for Comments. 
RGB    Red Green Blue picture encoding. 
RIMM    Rambus Inline Memory Module. 
RISC    Reduced Instruction Set Computing (CPU). 
RIVA    Real Time Interactive Video and Animation (nVidia 3D). 
RLE    CompuServe/Microsoft Windows Run Length Encoded graphic file. 
RM386    Helix Software 386 Expanded Memory Manager (RM386.EXE). 
ROM    Read Only Memory. 
RPC    Remote Procedure Calls. 
rpm    Rotations Per Minute. 
RSA    Public Key Encryption algorithms (RSA Data Security). 
RTC    Real Time Clock (BIOS). 
RTF    Rich Text Format (Microsoft Word). 
RWIN    Receive WINdow (Internet protocol). 
 
S 
 
S3TC    S3 Texture Compression architecture (S3 Savage3D/2000). 
SCSI    Small Computers System Interface standard. 
SCSI-1   Small Computers System Interface 1 specifications. 
SCSI-2   Small Computers System Interface 2 specifications. 
SCSI-3   Small Computers System Interface 3 specifications. 
SDK    Software Developers Kit. 
SDRAM    Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory. 
SDS    Satellite Data Service. 
SDX    Storage Data Acceleration (Western Digital). 
SECAM    SEquential Couleur Avec Mmoire (French TV standard: 819 lines). 
SECC    Single Edge Contact Cartridge (Intel Pentium II CPU). 
SECC2    Single Edge Contact Cartridge 2 (Intel Pentium III CPU). 
SEL    Software Emulation Layer (Microsoft Direct3D). 
SEPP    Single Edge Processor Package (Intel Celeron CPU). 
SET    Secure Electronic Transaction standard. 
SFN    Short File Name (8.3 = MS-DOS 16-bit). 
SGI    Silicon Graphics Incorporated. 
SGML    Standard Generalized Markup Language (W3C). 
SGRAM    Synchronous Graphics Random Access Memory. 
SIMD    Single Instruction Multiple Data (Intel Pentium MMX). 
SIMM    Single In-line Memory Module. 
SLC    Subscriber Line Charge. 
SLDRAM   Synchronous Link Dynamic Random Access Memory (Hyundai). 
SL-DRAM   Synchronous Layout Dynamic Random Access Memory 
(Siemens/Micron). 
SLI    Scan Line Interleave technology (3Dfx Voodoo2). 
SLIP    Serial Line Internet Protocol. 
SLM    Spatial Light Modulator. 
SMART    Self Monitoring Analysis Reporting Technology standard. 
SMIL    Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (W3C). 
SMP    Symetrical MultiProcessing standard. 
SMPTE    Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. 
SMTP    Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. 
S/NR   Signal to Noise Ratio. 
SO-DIMM   Small Outline Dual Inline Memory Module connector. 
SPD    Serial Presence Detection (EEPROM). 
S/PDIF   Sony/Philips Digital Interchange Format. 
SPI-2    SCSI Parallel Interface 2 standard (SCSI-3). 
SPI-3    SCSI Parallel Interface 3 standard (SCSI-3). 
SPP    Standard Parallel Port. 
SQL    Structured Query Language. 
SRAM   Static Random Access Memory. 
sRGB    32-bit standard Red Green Blue color encoding (Microsoft/Hewlett 
Packard). 
sRGB64   64-bit standard Red Green Blue double-precision color encoding 
(Microsoft/Hewlett Packard). 
SSA    Serial Storage Architecture bus/interface. 
SSE    Streaming SIMD Extensions (Intel Pentium III Katmai/Coppermine). 
SSL    Secure Sockets Layer. 
SSR    Super Scalar Rendering (3D video). 
STA    SCSI Trade Association. 
STD/VR   STanDard Voltage Regulator (CPU). 
STM    Scanning Tunneling Microscope. 
SVGA    Super Video Graphics Array standard. 
SX  X86  Intel CPU without FPU (386/SX, 486/SX). 
Sync SRAM   Synchronous burst Static Random Access Memory (CPU L2 cache). 
 
T 
 
TAPI   Telephony Application Programming Interface. 
TB    TeraByte (1 TB = 1024 GigaBytes = 1048576 MegaBytes). 
T-Buffer   Multiple Frame Buffer rendering engine (3Dfx). 
TCO    Total Cost of Ownership. 
TCP    Transmission Control Protocol. 
TCP/IP   Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. 
TEC    ThermoElectric Cooler (Peltier effect). 
TELNET  A Windows program that allows to to log in remotely (barred by most 
firewalls) 
Texel    Bilinear TEXtured pixEL (3D video). 
TFT    Thin Film Transistor (active matrix display). 
TFTP    Trivial File Transfer Protocol. 
TGA    TrueVision Graphic file (Targa). 
THD    Total Harmonic Distortion. 
THX    LucasFilm Home/Cinema Theatre Hi-Fi Dolby Digital Surround 
audio/video standard   (RE: George Lucas' first movie: "THX 1138"). 
TIFF    Tagged Image File Format (Aldus). 
T&L    Transform & Lighting (3D video). 
TMM    Terabit Molecular Memory technology (Toshiba DVD). 
TNT    TwiN Texel processing engine (nVidia RIVA TNT 2D/3D). 
TNT2    TwiN Texel 2 processing engine (nVidia RIVA TNT2 2D/3D). 
TPU    Texture Processing Unit (3Dfx Voodoo/Voodoo2/Voodoo3). 
TSR    Terminate and Stay Resident program/device/driver. 
TTF    True Type Font. 
TTL    Time To Live (Internet protocol). 
TWI    True Web Integration (Microsoft). 
 
U 
 
UAE    Unrecoverable Application Error. 
UART    Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter. 
U-ATA    Ultra Advanced Technology Attachment (EIDE drive). 
UCE    Unsolicited Commercial Email. 
UDF    Universal Disk Format (Compact Disk). 
U-DMA    Ultra Direct Memory Access (EIDE drive controller). 
UDP    User Datagram Protocol. 
UDSP    Uniprocessor Digital Signal Processor Drive Electronics based 
architecture. 
UHF    Ultra High Frequency. 
Ultra160/m SCSI Ultra3 SCSI standard (160 MB/s burst transfer rate). 
Ultra2b SCSI   Ultra2 SCSI standard (80 MB/s burst transfer rate). 
Ultra DMA   Ultra Direct Memory Access (EIDE drive controller). 
Ultra SCSI   Ultra1 SCSI standard (40 MB/s burst transfer rate). 
UMA    Upper Memory Area. 
UMB    Upper Memory Block. 
UMR    Upper Memory Region. 
UNC    Uniform Naming Convention. 
UNIX    MultiUser Network Operating System. 
UPS    Uninterruptible Power Supply. 
URI    Uniform Resource Identifier. 
URL    Uniform Resource Locator. 
URM    Universal Retention Mechanism (Slot 1 CPU). 
USB    Universal Serial Bus. 
USENET   USEr NETwork (newsgroups). 
USR    U. S. Robotics (3Com modem brand). 
UUE    Uniform Resource Locator UNIX Encoded. 
UUENCODE   Unix to Unix Encoding. 
 
V 
 
 
V.90    ITU PCM 56 Kbps analog modem transfer standard. 
VAR    Value Added Reseller. 
VAT    Virtual Allocation Table (Compact Disk). 
VBE    VESA BIOS Extensions. 
VBI    Vertical Blanking Interval. 
VCP    Video Cassette Player. 
VCPI    Virtual Control Program Interface. 
VCR    Video Cassette Recorder. 
VDSL    Variable Digital Subscriber Line modem. 
VESA    Video Electronics Standards Association. 
VFAT    Virtual File Allocation Table (Microsoft Windows). 
VFIR    Very Fast InfraRed protocol (Hewlett Packard). 
VfW    Video for Windows. 
VGA    Video Graphics Array standard. 
VHD    Very High Density connector standard (Centronics). 
VHF    Very High Frequency. 
VIS    Visual Image Size. 
VLB    VESA Local Bus (VL bus). 
VLM    Very Large Memory addressing (Intel Merced). 
VLSI    Very Large Scale Integration. 
VMM (1)   Virtual Memory Manager. 
VMM (2)   Virtual Machine Monitor. 
VoIP    Voice over Internet protocol. 
VPN    Virtual Private Network. 
VR (1)   Virtual Reality. 
VR (2)   Voltage Regulator (CPU). 
VRE    Voltage Regulator Enhanced (MMX CPU). 
VRAM    Video Random Access Memory. 
VRM    Voltage Regulator Module. 
VRML    Virtual Reality Modeling Language. 
VSA-100   Voodoo Scalable Architecture (3Dfx Napalm 3D chipset). 
VSM    Virtual Storage Management (Microsoft Windows). 
VXD    Virtual eXtended (everything) device Driver (Microsoft Windows). 
 
W 
 
W3C    World Wide Web Consortium. 
WAIS    Wide Area Information Server. 
WAN    Wide Area Network. 
WAR    Wide Aspect Ratio display. 
WBEM    Web Based Enterprise Management Initiative. 
WDM    Win32 Driver Model. 
WfM    Wired for Management. 
WfWG    Microsoft Windows for WorkGroups 3.1x. 
Win2000   Microsoft Windows 2000 (formerly NT 5.0). 
Win2K    Microsoft Windows 2K (2000). 
Win31    Microsoft Windows 3.1x. 
Win32    Microsoft Windows 32-bit OS. 
Win32s   Microsoft Windows 32-bit extensions for Windows/WfWG 3.1x 16-bit. 
Win95    Microsoft Windows 95 (4.0x.xxxx). 
Win98    Microsoft Windows 98 (4.1x.xxxx). 
WinMill   Microsoft Windows Millennium. 
WinNT    Microsoft Windows NT 3.xx/4.0x/5.0 (New Technology). 
WIP    Web Interoperability Pledge (ZDNet). 
WMF    Microsoft Windows MetaFile. 
WORM    Write Once Read Many (CD-R). 
WOSA    Windows Open Services Architecture. 
WPE    Windows Protection Error (Microsoft Windows). 
WPG    WordPerfect Graphic file. 
WRAM    Windows Random Access Memory. 
WTX    Workstation Advanced Technology EXtended (Intel motherboard form 
factor). 
WWIF    World Wide InterFace. 
WWW    World Wide Web. 
WYSIWYG  What You See Is What You Get. 
 
X 
 
x2    3Com/US Robotics 56 kbps analog modem transfer standard. 
X86    Intel X86 CPU (family compatible). 
X87    Intel X87 FPU (family compatible). 
XHTML    EXtensible Hypertext Markup Language (W3C). 
XLL    EXtensible Link Language (W3C). 
XML    EXtensible Markup Language (W3C). 
XMM    EXtended Memory Manager. 
XMS    EXtended Memory Specifications. 
XSL    EXtensible Style Language (W3C). 
XT    EXtended Technology (Intel motherboard form factor). 
XVGA    EXtended Video Graphics Array. 
 
 Y 
 
 
ZAK    Zero Administration Kit for Windows NT workstations. 
ZAW    Zero Administration initiative for Windows. 
Z-buffer   Third (3rd) dimension/depth/z axis memory (3D video). 
ZIF  Zero  Insertion Force (CPU socket). 
 
 
286   Intel 80286 processor. 
2D   Two (bi) Dimensional: x and y axes. 
2K   2000. 
386   Intel 80386 processor. 
386MAX.  Qualitas 386 Expanded Memory Manager (386MAX.SYS) 
3D   Three (tri) Dimensional: x, y and z axes. 
3dfx   3d Graphics Interactive (Voodoo family 3D chipsets). 
3DNow!   AMD K6/K7 CPU multimedia extensions. 
3DRAM   3D Dynamic Random Access Memory. 
486   Intel 80486 processor. 
586   Intel 80586 processor (Pentium/Pentium Pro). 
686   Intel 80686 processor (Pentium II/III). 
86   Intel 80X86 central processing unit (CPU). 
87   Intel 80X87 floating point unit (FPU). 
 


  Crackers, Phreaks, and Lamers
-------------------------------

From the early 1980s onward, a flourishing culture of local, MS-DOS-based bulletin boards 
developed separately from Internet hackerdom. The
BBS culture has, as its seamy underside, a stratum of `pirate boards' inhabited by crackers, 
phone phreaks, and warez d00dz. These people
(mostly teenagers running IBM-PC clones from their bedrooms) have developed their own 
characteristic jargon, heavily influenced by
skateboard lingo and underground-rock slang. 

Though crackers often call themselves `hackers', they aren't (they typically have 
neither significant programming ability, nor Internet expertise,
nor experience with UNIX or other true multi-user systems). Their vocabulary has
 little overlap with hackerdom's. Nevertheless, this lexicon
covers much of it so the reader will be able to understand what goes by on bulletin-board systems. 

Here is a brief guide to cracker and warez d00dz usage: 

       Misspell frequently. The substitutions 

            phone => fone
            freak => phreak

       are obligatory. 

       Always substitute `z's for `s's. (i.e. "codes" -> "codez"). The substitution of 'z' 
for 's' has evolved so that a 'z' is bow systematically
       put at the end of words to denote an illegal or cracking connection. Examples : Appz,
 passwordz, passez, utilz, MP3z, distroz, pornz,
       sitez, gamez, crackz, serialz, downloadz, FTPz, etc. 
       Type random emphasis characters after a post line (i.e. "Hey Dudes!#!$#$!#!$"). 
       Use the emphatic `k' prefix ("k-kool", "k-rad", "k-awesome") frequently. 
       Abbreviate compulsively ("I got lotsa warez w/ docs"). 
       Substitute `0' for `o' ("r0dent", "l0zer"). 
       TYPE ALL IN CAPS LOCK, SO IT LOOKS LIKE YOU'RE YELLING ALL THE TIME. 

These traits are similar to those of B1FF, who originated as a parody of naive BBS users; 
also of his latter-day equivalent Jeff K..
Occasionally, this sort of distortion may be used as heavy sarcasm by a real hacker, as in: 

    > I got X Windows running under Linux!

    d00d!  u R an 31337 hax0r

The only practice resembling this in actual hacker usage is the substitution of a dollar sign 
of `s' in names of products or service felt to be
excessively expensive, e.g. Compu$erve, Micro$oft. 

 Hacker sites recommended to visit
--------------------------------------
www.antionline.com
www.netcraft.com ....highy recomended for users who want to break into
websites. 
www.hackersclub.com/km
www.rootshell.com
www.free-ed.net
www.hackers2k.bizland.com...........current under devopment but will be up
soon with thousands of tutorials write by my self and by others.
www.happyhacker.org ....recommended for newbies,also has links to free
shell accounts.
www.perl.com........get the lastest information on perl including downloads
for windows.
www.download.com ..........has lots of networking and programming tools.
www.whatis.com
www.hackernews.com
www.ntsecurity.com
www.microsoft.com/security
www.linuxnewbie.com
www.textsfile.com
www.packetstorm.securify.com

i wont mention any more because when u visit these sites there thousand of more
links.

 newsgroups to visit
 ---------------------
alt.2600.hackerz
alt.2600.hackers......recommended,currently its probalry the best one out.
alt.unix
alt.security

I wont mention any more newsgroups,but u can find lots more by searching!,but i
would not recommend going to all those passwords newsgroups as their too much
ppl posting shit,even alt.2600 is going down hill because of all the users who
post spam,unrelated content,e.t.c.
 alt.2600.hackers takes spammers,and people
who post shit very serious,alt.2600.hackers doesnt get much lamers and spammers
because of this.

    TCP/IP UTTILITES
-------------------------------

 CONNECTIVITY TOOLS
---------------------
>IPCONFIG:a program that dispays tcp/ip settings.
>PING:a program that tests for network connectivity.
>ARP:an uttility that dispays the arp cache of a local or remote computer.
>TRACERT OR TRACEROUTE:a program that traces the path of a datagram through
the internetwork.
>ROUTE:a program that lets you add or remove enteries in a routing table.
>NETSTAT:a program that displays IP,UDP,TCP,                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               and ICMP staticts.
>NBTSTAT:a program which displays netbios and nbt stats.

 FILE TRANSFERE UTILITIES.
--------------------------
>FTP:a basic file tranfere uttility that uses tcp.
>TFTP:a file transfere uttility which uses UDP.
>RCP:a remote file transfere program.

 REMOTE UTILITIES
--------------------
>TELNET:A remote terminal program.
>REXEC:a unix program that runs commands on a remote computer through the
rexecd daemon.
>RSH: program tht involkes the shell on a remote computer to execute a command.
>FINGER:a program which displays user information.

 INTERNET TOOLS
------------------
>BROWSERS:provide acces too www html content.
>NEWSREADERS:program which connect with newsgroups.
>EMAIL READERS:program for sending and recieving emails.
>ARCHIE:internet program for fiding  access to anonymous ftp sites,
>GOPHER:menu based internet information
>WHOIS:Provides information on www sites and ip addresses.

NOTE:these are basic program ,theres thousands more like dig,pc
anywhere,ssh,dhcp,e.t.c

TOP 20 REASONS FOR BREAKINGS INTO WINDOWS AND UNIX
------------------------------------------------------
1.Un needed services.
2.Misconfiggured firewalls!
3.File and printer sharing!
4.Hackers tunneling though from ftp and telnet.
5.On windows script kiddies often send trojans!
6.Exploits!
7.Sniffing attacks.
8.Buggy software!
9.Miconfigguered servers.
10.Allowing root remotly with no encryption.
11.brute force.
12.Weak passwords.
13.Users with no firewalls.
14.Remote admin Trojans.
15.Using adsl with no hacker protechtion.
16.Allowing user access to /etc/passwd.
17.Allowing anonymous access to servers.
18.Open ports.
19.Not using tcp logging.
20.Using out of date softwere.

 TOP 10 THINGS FOR NEWBIE HACKERS TO LEARN
--------------------------------------------
1.How to use windows comprehensivly.
2.Some short programming knowledge in c or basic,e.t.c.
3.MS dos knowledge.
4.Networking knowlege like tcp/ip.
5.Unix and linux knowlege.
6.Some scripting knowledge like html,perl or batch programming.
7.Computer security tools like firewalls.
8.Hacking techniques.
9.Web browsers,ftp clients,irc clients,servers,e.t.c are good to very
worth learning.
10.Hiding their ip address.

These can usally be learned eaisly in 3 months and upwards,once u learn these
stuff everything else becomes easily to learn.

 TOP 10 STUFF NOT WORTH LEARNING FOR NEWBIE HACKERS IN UNDERGROUND SITES
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.PHREAKING.........usally the guides are out of date and useless.
2.Cracking.
3.Old hacking guides older than 10 years old.
4.Low level programming.......although as u become a hacker or good programmer
you will need to learn it.
5.machine language.......absoultly not worth learning as it can take years and
it's far to slow.
6.Bomb making.
7.Lanaguages like forth,and fortran....well learn them if you want but in a
few years they will be almost never be used as much as languages like
c,python,c++,c#,and visual basic.
8.Visual Basic.......its currently hated amongst the hacker community but
learn it if you want to although it can teach newbie programmer very bad
techniques and habbits.

new note:visual basic isnt as bad as described ,it can be quite useful and
easy.

9.Credit card fraud.

10.DoSing




This guide is in its beta version,as the author i hope u like it,send feedback
to kev_harrasment_panda@yahoo.co.uk


your sincealry shady_harrasment_panda
                                                                                                                                                Z  [          &  '  j  k                  :  ;  e  {  ~                                    `  a                            ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8    3  4  F  G  H                V  W  X          
	  	  	  X	  Y	  	  	  	  	  	  
  
  M
  N
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  0  1  ?  @  A          )  *  u  v        ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8  
  
  `
  a
  
  
  
  
  ;  <  H  I  J                h  i           G  H  P  Q  R  S  u  v                  E  F  `  a  b                   	    ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8	  
  O  P  u  v  w      	  
    T  U  V          .  /  0  x  y                S  T          8  9                  (  )  j  k  l              ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8      X  Y          3  4  ~            f  g           O  P                L  M  Z  [  \          #  $  '  (                <  =  X  Y  Z    ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8Z          P  Q          *   +   y   z         !  !  [!  \!  !  !  !  !  !  +"  ,"  w"  x"  y"  "  "  
#  #  [#  \#  ]#  #  #  #  #  #  $  $  f$  g$  $  $  $  $  $  %  %  ?%  @%  A%    ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8A%  %  %  %  %  3&  4&  5&  &  &  &  &  '  
'  O'  P'  '  '  '  '  #(  $(  ](  ^(  (  (  (  (  (  ()  ))  c)  d)  )  )  )  )  :*  ;*  x*  y*  *  *  *  *  *  *  F+  G+  +  +  +  +  %,  &,  f,  g,    ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8g,  ,  ,  ,  ,  I-  J-  -  -  -  -  '.  (.  p.  q.  .  .  	/  
/  X/  Y/  /  /  /  /  0  0  0  F0  G0  H0  0  0  0  0  0  -1  .1  |1  }1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  22  32  C2  D2  E2  2  2  2  2    ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  82  2  3  3  =3  >3  ?3  g3  h3  3  3  3  3  3   4  4  H4  I4  4  4  4  4  05  15  z5  {5  5  5  6  6  +6  ,6  -6  w6  x6  6  6  6  6  6  6  /7  07  17  L7  M7  7  7  7  7  7  8  8  .8  /8  08  `8    ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8`8  a8  8  8  8  8  8  8  8  K9  L9  W9  X9  Y9  9  9  9  9  9  :  :  :  I:  J:  :  :  :  :  :  :  ;  ;  p;  q;  ;  ;  ;  ;  <  <  O<  P<  <  <  <  <  <  <  L=  M=  =  =  =  =  =  =   >    ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8 >  >  >  ;>  <>  >  >  >  >  ?  ?  h?  i?  ?  ?  @  @  P@  Q@  @  @  @  @  @  A  A  A  QA  RA  cA  dA  eA  A  A  A  A  A  (B  )B  *B  rB  sB  B  B  B  B   C  HC  IC  JC  C  C  C  C  C  C  C    ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8C  :D  ;D  zD  {D  |D  D  D  D  E  E  &E  'E  (E  kE  lE  mE  E  E  E  E  2F  3F  @F  AF  BF  YF  ZF  [F  F  F  F  F  F  F  F  BG  CG  hG  iG  jG  G  G  G  G  G  H  H  NH  OH  PH  H  H  H  H  H  4I    ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  84I  5I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  J  J  J  ?J  @J  AJ  J  J  J  J  K  K  K  KK  LK  K  K  K  K  L  L  L  aL  bL  L  L  L  L  L  M  M  bM  cM  M  M  M  M  FN  GN  N  N  N  N  +O  ,O  zO    ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8zO  {O  O  O  O  O  O  @P  AP  BP  P  P  P  P  P  Q  Q  eQ  fQ  Q  Q  Q  Q  Q   R  R  R  OR  PR  R  R  R  R  R  R  R  S  S  S  \S  ]S  ^S  S  S  S  S  S  S  T  T  KT  LT  YT  ZT  [T  T  T    ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8T  T  T  T  U  U  
U  UU  VU  U  U  U  U  @V  AV  V  V  V  V  V  V  V  GW  HW  `W  aW  bW  W  W  W  W  W  W  W  W  #X  $X  rX  sX  X  X  Y  Y  QY  RY  SY  Y  Y  Y  Y  Y  #Z  $Z  3Z  4Z  5Z  HZ    ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8HZ  IZ  QZ  RZ  SZ  TZ  Z  Z  Z  Z  Z  Z  Z  Z  Z  [  [  [  K[  L[  [  [  [  [  .\  /\  y\  z\  {\  \  \  \  \  \  ]  ]  _]  `]  ]  ]  ]  ]  ]  ]  ]  ]  J^  K^  U^  V^  W^  ^  ^  ^  ^  ^  _    ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8_  _  Q_  R_  _  _  _  _  _  _  `  `  \`  ]`  ^`  `  `  `  `  `  `  .a  /a  4a  5a  6a  a  a  a  a  a  a  a  Db  Eb  Yb  Zb  [b  b  b  b  b  b  b  b  b   c  Mc  Nc  kc  lc  mc  c  c  d  d  :d    ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8:d  ;d  <d  d  d  d  d  d  d  d  *e  +e  ue  ve  e  e  f  f  0f  1f  3f  4f  f  f  f  f  g  g  kg  lg  g  g  h  h  Rh  Sh  h  h  h  h  ;i  <i  i  i  i  i  i  i  i  +j  ,j  _j  `j  aj  j  j  j    ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8j  j  j  k  k  lk  mk  k  k  k  k  k  l  l  dl  el  l  l  l  l  l  
m  m  Nm  Om  m  m  m  m  m  m  m  9n  :n  n  n  n  n  n  n  n  :o  ;o  Io  Jo  Ko  o  o  o  o  o  o  o  6p  7p  8p  ~p    ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8~p  p  p  p  p  p  p  p  q  q  Wq  Xq  Yq  q  q  q  q  q  r  
r  r  r  r  gr  hr  rr  sr  tr  r  r  r  r  s  s  s  ls  ms  s  s  s  s  s  s  :t  ;t  <t  t  t  t  t  t  t  t  t  4u  5u  Ku    ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8Ku  Lu  Mu  u  u  u  u  0v  1v  |v  }v  v  v  v  v  v  v  v  v  w  w  \w  ]w  w  w  w  w  w  8x  9x  Ix  Jx  Kx  x  x  x  x  $y  %y  _y  `y  qy  ry  y  y  y  y  Dz  Ez  az  bz  cz  z  z  z  z  >{    ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8>{  ?{  {  {  {  {  {  |  |  \|  ]|  |  |  |  |  }  }  }  4}  5}  }  }  }  }  $~  %~  &~  q~  r~  ~  ~  ~  ~  ~  ~  8  9  V  W  X          9  :  ;  d  e  f            7  8    ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  88  P  Q  R      ށ  ߁  -  .  >  ?  @            ΂  ς  Ђ      d  e           I  J          )  *  u  v                  /  0  w  x      ݆  ކ  ߆      ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8      S  T  U  p  q  r            0  1  `  a  d  e          E  F  z  {  |  ĉ  ŉ        3  4  x  y            6  7  @  A  B  i  j              
    ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8
  T  U            )  *  D  E  F  W  X          C  D      ێ  ܎            5  6      Џ  я       l  m                  -  .  /  w  x  y  Ñ  đ  ё    ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8ё  ґ  ӑ        '  (  )  j  k          ?  @  s  t      ܓ  ݓ  ޓ    	  V  W          5  6      ͕  Ε      $  %  &  '  p  q            *  +  r  s        ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8        N  O        Ә  Ԙ        G  H            /  0  S  T  U      ޚ  ߚ  ,  -  {  |      
    Y  Z      ǜ  Ȝ  ɜ            d  e              ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8      `  a          "  #  $  I  J  K  e  f                I  J  K  v  w  Ġ  Š  Ϡ  Р  Ѡ      ]  ^  _        ¡  á           !  b  c        â  Ģ      ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8    
    1  2  W  X          ȣ  ɣ          B  C  D              
    3  4  5            إ  ٥        ^  _            2  3  z  {        ֧    ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8֧  ק        =  >  s  t  u             D  E  e  f  g          
      1  2  p  q  r                I  J                      K  L            ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8        Ǭ  Ȭ  ج  ٬  ެ  ߬          -  .  /  e  f  g                =  >  ?      Ѯ  Ү         M  N  ~        ʯ  ˯  ѯ  ү  ӯ      b  c  k  l  m        ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8          4  5  ~          ޱ  ߱  (  )  *  +  w  x      
    J  K  L          I  J  U  V  W                Z  [          ?  @  D  E  F      ȶ    ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8ȶ  ɶ  ʶ      >  ?  @        ̷  ͷ      %  &  '  t  u  ø  ĸ        ?  @      ۹  ܹ        ;  <  =                O  P                2  3  i  j    ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8j  k            (  )  7  8  9  h  i  j           H  I          +  ,  w  x  ſ  ƿ      [  \              
  T  U  V          0  1                ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8  i  j          C  D          .  /  |  }          [  \  z  {  |            1  2  3                +  ,  -  Q  R  S              
    I  J    ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8J  K  Y  Z  m  n                            6  7  8  b  c  d  e                    G  H                .  /  Z  [  \                     ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8   *  +  v  w                  M  N  O              :  ;          ,  -  T  U                !  "  5  6  7  }  ~                  >  ?  i    ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8i  j  k          J  K  i  j  k                                E  F  K  L  u  v  w                M  N  O                W  X  b  c  d      ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8          )  *  Q  R  S                      H  I  T  U  V          N  O          6  7  z  {        
  [  \            
      
  K  L  Z    ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8Z  [  \                  G  H                H  I  J                6  7  r  s  t          Y  Z  [      	  
    U  V                :    ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8:  ;                  /  0  S  T  U          >  ?  I  J  K  |  }            C  D             !  "  q  r            3  4  5                  ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8        `  a                 8  9  :  x  y  z            =  >                :  ;  <                    ;  <  =          !  "  p  q      ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8          "  #  E  F  G            
    <  =          .  /  |  }            4  5              d  e          1  2  3  ~              4    ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  84  5                F  G                7  8  9  r  s  t          I  J  K              #  $  %  i  j                   T  U              ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8      8  9  :                  &  '  g  h          J  K  z  {          d  e                      e  f  q  r  s      
      S  T          ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8            @  A  c  d  e                  ! " = >     ! " n o      4 5          % & r s   
  ;   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8; < =      ! " m n        9 : ;        $ % r s      3	 4	 ?	 @	 A	 	 	 	 	 	 	 )
 *
 /
 0
 1
 l
 m
 
   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8
 
 
 
 
   0 1 2 H I J         3 4 i j k      
 

 Z
 [
 
 
 
 
 
 
 / 0 7 8 9        M N V W   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8W X        ? @         [ \ ]       
  K L M      * + k l m        + , - z {     ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8       d e        e f         ; <           j k        ! n o v w x        ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8 H I f g h        X Y         - . / c d e f         m n z { |        L M N     1   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  81 2 e f g          _  `          ! ! ! f! g! t! u! v! ! ! ! " " 4" 5" 6" O" P" Q" " " " " " " " " 9# :# # # # # #  $ !$ "$ p$ q$   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8q$ $ $ $ $ $ $ % % [% \% % % % % % /& 0& S& T& U& & & & & & & & & & ' ' =' >' ?' ' ' ' ' ' ' 6( 7( 8( t( u( ( ( ( ) ) 2) 3) 4) y) z) )   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8) ) ) * * /* 0* 1* x* y* * * 	+ 
+ J+ K+ L+ + + + + !, ", #, h, i, , , - - O- P- - - - - <. =. O. P. Q. . . . . / / O/ P/ / / / / (0 )0 *0 q0   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8q0 r0 0 0 0 0 0 A1 B1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 <2 =2 Q2 R2 S2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 J3 K3 d3 e3 f3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 34 44 54 }4 ~4 4 4 4 5 5 D5 E5 F5 \5 ]5   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8]5 5 5 5 5 5 :6 ;6 <6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 C7 D7 S7 T7 U7 7 7 7 7 .8 /8 `8 a8 b8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 Z9 [9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 .: /: 1: 2: 3: {: |: : :   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8: : : : ;; <; E; F; G; ; ; ; ; ; < < S< T< U< < < < < != "= #= i= j= = = > > N> O> P> > > > > >  ? ? ? I? J? K? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? H@ I@ @ @   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8@ @ @ @ @  A 	A 
A A UA VA A A A A A /B 0B ~B B B B C C C OC PC uC vC wC C C D D D ND OD D D D D -E .E yE zE E E E E E 
F F TF UF F F F   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8F F F F F G G G G  G !G $G %G &G oG pG G G G G G G *H +H 4H 5H 6H \H ]H ^H H H H H "I #I $I jI kI I I J J &J 'J (J rJ sJ J J J J J K K eK fK   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8fK K K K K K K K K /L 0L HL IL JL L L L L L L L M M M GM HM IM M M M M M M M =N >N N N N N N O O >O ?O @O O O O O O O O P P P lP   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8lP mP P P Q Q Q .Q /Q 0Q qQ rQ Q Q Q Q 
R R R ,R -R .R {R |R R R R R R S S S 6S 7S 8S WS XS YS S S S S 9T :T T T T T U U U TU UU U U U U   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8U U V V :V ;V <V V V V V V V V V AW BW PW QW RW W W W W W W W W #X $X YX ZX [X X X X X AY BY CY Y Y Y Y Y Y Z Z `Z aZ Z Z Z Z Z [ [   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8[ .[ /[ 0[ }[ ~[ [ [ \ \ b\ c\ \ \ \ \ \ 
] ] R] S] ] ] ] ]  ^ ^ ^ J^ K^ h^ i^ j^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ _ _ T_ U_ V_ _ _ _ _ _ ` 
` #` $` %` r` s` ` `   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8` ` ` ` ` a a Ya Za a a a a ;b <b }b ~b b b b c c Tc Uc Vc c c c c d d d `d ad hd id jd d d d d d Ae Be ne oe pe e e 
f f f Vf Wf f f f   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8f f g g 	g Sg Tg g g g g g g g g Dh Eh h h h h h h h h Hi Ii ti ui vi i i i i i Ij Jj gj hj ij j j j j j Bk Ck |k }k ~k k k k k k (l )l   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8)l >l ?l @l l l l l l l l <m =m Pm Qm Rm m m m m 3n 4n 5n n n n n n n n /o 0o Io Jo Ko o o o o p 	p 
p Ip Jp Kp p p p p p p p 9q :q Gq Hq Iq   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8Iq q q q q 2r 3r r r r r r r r 5s 6s s s s s s s s 4t 5t {t |t t t t t t Cu Du u u u u u !v "v jv kv tv uv vv v v v v v 7w 8w w w w w   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8w w w w w w w 0x 1x xx yx x x 	y 
y Ry Sy y y y y y )z *z vz wz z z z z z ){ *{ l{ m{ n{ { { | | | M| N| | | | | } } } f} g} } } } } }   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8} $~ %~ :~ ;~ <~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ) * ` a b     H I l m n   	 
 Q R      9 :   ˂ ̂   ` a    ҃ Ӄ    < =   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8= >      ܄ ݄    T U     < =        5 6   ɇ ʇ   c d      M N     4 5        0   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  80 1 2 r s    
 T U     < =   ֍ ׍    k l        b c     I J        2 3   ʑ ˑ   d e   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8e      > ? [ \ ]     < = >          _ `          L M    Ö Ė   
 G H w x y     X   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8X Y   Θ Ϙ И   h i     : ; <   ֚ ך     l m      . / 0 l m         c d v w x ŝ Ɲ    \ ]   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8]      ; <    ß  
 Z [        ! b c      6 7 K L M      
   > ? @ Z [ \     1 2 3    ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8  Ϥ Ф    k l      4 5 ~        C D q r s     S T        O P     5 6   ʪ ˪      ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8 Q R Y Z [     $ % & n o      R S    ĭ ŭ ƭ  
 R S k l m    ܮ ݮ + , V W X   ï į ů   ^ _ s t u   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8u ° ð    ^ _ } ~  ñ ı   # $ % p q      - . Z [ \        J K    Ӵ Դ    I J P Q R    ʵ ˵   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8˵   , - . p q     P Q R S              - . H I a b z {       ͸ θ 	 
    = > T U l m     ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8       ӹ Թ       # $ 7 8 P Q \ ] j k        κ Ϻ       5 6 J K X Y Z q r     ٻ ڻ     ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8    	   ! 2 3 \ ] g h i s t     ɼ ʼ ؼ ټ      
    ! 3 4 E F d e          ƽ ǽ          ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8   + , C D i j z {     Ͼ о        ) * F G H N O g h ~         ̿ Ϳ ߿      3 4 b c } ~    ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8                  	   . / > ? W X w x y                  , - B C h i j s t    ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8              5 6 h i | }               1 2 X Y h i x y                  ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8   	   6 7 Q R ^ _ k l z {                  + , - 8 9 L M [ \ ] o p                ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8      & ' < = > d e            * + G H c d e                
    ' ( B C D E F   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8F G O P Q R z {           . / Y Z [ o p          - . / 0 D E     0 1 w x            ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8 
 ; <        6 7         - . y z       . / t u v        B C D E \ ]           ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8     N O P Q ] ^     I J h i j k         
  8 9 : ; U V       5 6           8 9   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  89 : ; K L M b c d e u v         _ `        6 7 8 U V         ! " # $ M N m n o p } ~      ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8    M N          ! " P Q         P Q         F G ^ _ ` a b                ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8  H I { | }         " # $ ` a b c      * + i j k     M N     * + t u       ! " d e f     ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8   < =       N O P     & ' q r      J K        3 4 g h i     5 6 m n o      & '   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8' r s      ! " l m   	 
 U V     = >       	 f g h      ! " m n     = >        @   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8@ A x y z     H I       % & g h          M N { |       1 2 Q R q r         4 5 a b   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8b         J K y z       O P         - . ] ^          - . [ \         5 6 f g   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8g         F G r s         < = j k       > ? ` a         R S         :  ;  g  h        ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8            J K { |      	 , - P Q         & ' N O q r      	 ; < n o       , - a b     ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8       < = j k       " # P Q ~        Y Z         	 	 M	 N	 |	 }	 	 	 	 	 	
 

 8
 9
 f
 g
 
 
   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8
 
 
 
 
 
  6 7 g h         D E h i       +
 ,
 h
 i
 
 
 
 
 
 
 , - _ `         > ? v w     ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8   , - P Q        
 < =         P Q       6 7 i j         J K       , - h i   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8i       K L        	 8 9 h i       0 1 ] ^         N O q r      
 0 1 T U       ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8   
  G H         U V       / 0 X Y         ' ( U V         E F       %  &    ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8&  Y  Z              !! "! O! P! ! ! ! ! ! ! " " Z" [" " " " " # # F# G# |# }# # # # # # # $ $ )$ *$ K$ L$ $ $ $ $ % % 9% :% w% x% % %   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8% % % /& 0& c& d& & & & & ' ' Q' R' ' ' ' ' ( ( =( >( y( z( ( ( ( ( &) ') _) `) ) ) ) ) ) ) * * /* 0* S* T* * * * * * * + + J+ K+ + +   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8+ + + + + !, ", U, V, , , , , - - M- N- - - - - - - 7. 8. p. q. . . . . !/ "/ a/ b/ / / / / 0 0 A0 B0 }0 ~0 0 0 0 0 41 51 k1 l1 1 1 1 1   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  81 *2 +2 i2 j2 2 2 2 2 3 3 Y3 Z3 3 3 3 3 4 4 B4 C4 4 4 4 4 4 4 <5 =5 {5 |5 5 5 5 5 &6 '6 _6 `6 6 6 6 6 7 7 M7 N7 7 7 7 7 8 8 I8 J8 8 8   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  88 8 8 	9 
9 I9 J9 9 9 9 9 : : E: F: : : : : : : ; ; ;; <; u; v; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; I< J< Z< [< < < < < "= #= Y= Z= n= o= = = = = = =   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8= = = = = = = 
> > "> #> :> ;> V> W> h> i> > > > > ? ? 5? 6? Q? R? i? j? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? :@ ;@ T@ U@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8@ A A *A +A @A AA VA WA kA lA A A A A A A A A A A A A B B (B )B ;B <B LB MB qB rB B B B B B B B B B B C C C C /C 0C DC EC aC bC C C C C   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8C C C C C C C C C D D $D %D :D ;D pD qD D D D D D D D D #E $E OE PE {E |E E E E E E E E E E E E E F F 'F (F ;F <F RF SF iF jF F F F F   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8F F F F F G G /G 0G FG GG ]G ^G tG uG G G G G G G G G G G H H )H *H DH EH _H `H zH {H H H H H H H H H I I I I .I /I EI FI bI cI vI wI I I   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8I I I I I J J %J &J ;J <J RJ SJ hJ iJ J J J J J J J J J J J J K K <K =K UK VK nK oK K K K K K K K K K K L L +L ,L ?L @L UL VL L L L L   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8L L L L L M M %M &M >M ?M WM XM pM qM M M M M M M M M M M N N %N &N QN RN pN qN N N N N N N N N 	O 
O .O /O MO NO eO fO O O O O O O O O   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8O O O O O O P P )P *P +P ,P -P .P 0P 1P 2P 3P _P `P P P P P 
Q Q )Q *Q rQ sQ Q Q Q Q Q  R 4R 5R UR VR R R R R S S 4S 5S S S S S S S (T )T nT   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8nT oT T T T T T T U U HU IU rU sU U U U U "V #V MV NV V V V V V V W W >W ?W W W W W X X NX OX X X X X X X Y Y CY DY pY qY Y Y Y Y 9Z   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  89Z :Z MZ NZ Z Z Z Z Z Z [ [ >[ ?[ [[ \[ z[ {[ [ [ [ [ \ \ J\ K\ }\ ~\ \ \ \ \ -] .] /] 0] 2] 3] 4] 5] o] p] ] ] ] ] ] ] ?^ @^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8^ ^ _ _ >_ ?_ b_ c_ _ _ _ _ ` ` '` (` A` B` Z` [` ` ` ` ` $a %a qa ra a a a a a a a a a a a a b b .b /b `b ab b b b b c c 'c (c Nc Oc qc   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8qc rc c c c c c c d d 6d 7d }d ~d d d d d d d 'e (e Re Se re se e e e e e e f f 4f 5f if jf f f f f g g -g .g ^g _g g g g g h h Ch Dh |h   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8|h }h h h h h i  i mi ni i i i i j j Dj Ej _j `j j j j j k k 6k 7k ck dk k k k k k k k k !l "l Zl [l l l l l l l l l l l l l /m 0m Tm   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8Tm Um pm qm m m m m m m 
n n (n )n Gn Hn {n |n n n o o .o /o Po Qo ~o o o o o o Ep Fp Op Pp np op p p p p p p 6q 7q Zq [q xq yq q q q q q q #r   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8              	  
      
                                         !  "  #  $  %  &  '  (  )  *  +  ,  -  .  /  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  :  ;  <  =  >  ?  @  A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z  [  \  ]  ^  _  `  a  b  c  d  e  f  g  h  i  j  k  l  m  n  o  p  q  r  s  t  u  v  w  x  z  {  |  }  ~      #r $r lr mr r r r r r  s Gs Hs s s s s s s t 
t :t ;t Yt Zt ot pt t t t t u  u Zu [u u u u u  v v /v 0v Sv Tv v v v v w w Tw Uw {w |w w w w   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8w w w w #x $x Qx Rx sx tx x x x x x x 
y y ,y -y by cy y y y y y y z z Lz Mz yz zz z z z z { { 5{ 6{ |{ }{ { { { { { { { { | | 0| 1| R|   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8R| S| | | | | | | | | } } (} )} Y} Z} } } } } ~ ~ Y~ Z~ |~ }~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ # $ m n       
  5 6 V W     ހ ߀   6   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  86 7 n o         K L M N P Q R S u v   Ȃ ɂ   1 2 O P       D E ` a     Ȅ Ʉ  
 ' ( C D b c    ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8    ǅ ȅ   > ? G H | } ņ Ɔ     Y Z         և ׇ     6 7 V W      	 & ' m n   ډ ۉ   O   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8O P q r           ֊ ׊ # $ d e ~    ċ ŋ   * + u v   ׌ ، 	 
 ? @ ` a   Ǎ ȍ   K L e f     ێ   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8ێ ܎   E F k l   ҏ ӏ ԏ Տ ׏ ؏ ُ ڏ   F G { |   ʐ ː   - . \ ]         K L   ϒ В     c d n o    ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8  ϓ Г   ( ) F G w x   Ɣ ǔ     ? @ o p   Õ ĕ     / 0 ] ^   ݖ ޖ    0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 g h     ֗   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8֗ ח   , - h i        Ø Ę Ř  	 - . L M j k         ˙ ̙     4 5 P Q z {   ٚ ښ   ( ) _ ` }   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8} ~   ߛ    0 1 A B   ʜ ˜   1 2 G H           ӝ ԝ   O P         / 0 ] ^   џ ҟ      ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8  > ? c d     à   $ % T U ~    ҡ ӡ    ( ) T U   բ ֢     > ? d e   ģ ţ   . / r s       U   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8U V     ٥ ڥ ! " J K m n    ¦     > ? u v   ϧ Ч ѧ ҧ ԧ է ֧ ק   & ' i j     ֨ ר    8 9 ] ^      ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8    3 4       4 5 a b c d f g h i   ֫ ׫   $ % @ A z {         ! W X x y     ֭ ׭ # $ Q R    ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8            < = j k   ӯ ԯ     F G     ۰ ܰ     j k t u  ± ˱ ̱   ' ( n o     ڲ ۲    ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8  F G p q   ˳ ̳   > ? d e   մ ִ   M N n o   ȵ ɵ   - . S T t u   ٶ ڶ   M N    ·   	 
 * + H   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8H I r s       $ % Q R r s         / 0 a b       ú ĺ ź ƺ ߺ  % & e f           ջ ֻ    ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8  ? @ n o   ʼ ˼   + , e f     ' ( j k z {   ޾ ߾   - . _ `     ' ( A B a b        	 5 6 7   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  87 8 : ; < = } ~     + , h i         ] ^       R S       
  B C         F G Y Z    ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8        Y Z         I J u v       6 7 Y Z ~        : ; m n           K L r s    ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8         " # $ % Y Z         T U         A B j k       > ? i j       M N      ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8    	 
 3 4 5 6 8 9 : ; c d       * + h i         B C     	 
 $ % @ A ] ^            ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8  N O l m                 P Q n o          , - M N ~      $ % ? @ f g          ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8  / 0 V W y z          # $ Q R v w       > ?                 K L g h          ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8  3 4 Z [       ' ( f g       
  @ A b c           ; < = > @ A B C         6 7 `   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8` a         6 7 8 9 < = > ? @ A } ~          ! " ? @ i j u v        < = k l         G   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8G H t u v w x y        F G     ( ) U V        i j   
   D E F t u v         ! " Y Z   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8Z     $ % | }    
 @ A        q r s         N O          ' ( 2 3 I J [ \ k l      ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8  > ? N O            % & @ A T U f g            	   d e m n z { |     h i         ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8    . / N O P c d y z     + , w x       L M N h i        
     4 5 W X        3 4 5 D   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8D E W X       6 7 ^ _         & ' ] ^ s t           + , = > W X             .   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8. / W X f g            U V i j         ' ( m n } ~         a b       *  +  y  z        ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  8            P Q       K L c d e               ) * M N O P u v                                                                                                                                          ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]  )    [      '  k        ;                      a                    4  G  H                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       !H          W  X      	  	  Y	  	  	  	  
  N
  
  
  
  
  1  @  A      *  v    
  a
  
  
  <                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       !<  I  J          i       H  Q  R  S  v            F  a  b          	  
  P  v  w    
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       !
    U  V      /  0  y          T      9          )  k  l          Y      4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           !    g      P          M  [  \      $  (          =  Y  Z      Q      +   z      !  \!                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       !\!  !  !  !  ,"  x"  y"  "  #  \#  ]#  #  #  #  $  g$  $  $  $  %  @%  A%  %  %  4&  5&  &  &  
'  P'  '  '  $(  ^(                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       !^(  (  (  (  ))  d)  )  )  ;*  y*  *  *  *  *  G+  +  +  &,  g,  ,  ,  J-  -  -  (.  q.  .  
/  Y/  /  /  0  0  G0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       !G0  H0  0  0  0  .1  }1  1  1  1  1  1  32  D2  E2  2  2  2  3  >3  ?3  h3  3  3  3  4  I4  4  4  15  {5  5  6  ,6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       !,6  -6  x6  6  6  6  6  07  17  M7  7  7  7  8  /8  08  a8  8  8  8  8  L9  X9  Y9  9  9  9  :  :  J:  :  :  :  :                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       !:  ;  q;  ;  ;  <  P<  <  <  <  M=  =  =  =  >  >  <>  >  >  ?  i?  ?  @  Q@  @  @  @  A  A  RA  dA  eA  A  A                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       !A  A  )B  *B  sB  B  B   C  IC  JC  C  C  C  C  ;D  {D  |D  D  D  E  'E  (E  lE  mE  E  E  3F  AF  BF  ZF  [F  F  F  F                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       !F  F  CG  iG  jG  G  G  G  H  OH  PH  H  H  H  5I  I  I  I  I  I  J  J  @J  AJ  J  J  K  K  LK  K  K  L  L  bL                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       !bL  L  L  L  M  cM  M  M  GN  N  N  ,O  {O  O  O  O  AP  BP  P  P  P  Q  fQ  Q  Q  Q  R  R  PR  R  R  R  R  S                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       !S  S  ]S  ^S  S  S  S  S  T  LT  ZT  [T  T  T  T  U  
U  VU  U  U  AV  V  V  V  V  HW  aW  bW  W  W  W  W  W  $X                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       !$X  sX  X  Y  RY  SY  Y  Y  Y  $Z  4Z  5Z  IZ  RZ  TZ  Z  Z  Z  Z  Z  [  [  L[  [  [  /\  z\  {\  \  \  \  ]  `]  ]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       !]  ]  ]  ]  ]  K^  V^  W^  ^  ^  ^  _  R_  _  _  _  _  `  ]`  ^`  `  `  `  `  /a  5a  6a  a  a  a  a  Eb  Zb  [b                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ![b  b  b  b  b  b   c  Nc  lc  mc  c  d  ;d  <d  d  d  d  d  +e  ve  e  f  1f  4f  f  f  g  lg  g  h  Sh  h  h  <i                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       !<i  i  i  i  i  ,j  `j  aj  j  j  j  k  mk  k  k  k  l  el  l  l  l  m  Om  m  m  m  m  :n  n  n  n  n  ;o  Jo                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       !Jo  Ko  o  o  o  o  7p  8p  p  p  p  p  p  q  Xq  Yq  q  q  q  
r  r  r  hr  sr  tr  r  r  s  s  ms  s  s  s  s                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       !s  ;t  <t  t  t  t  t  t  5u  Lu  Mu  u  u  1v  }v  v  v  v  v  v  w  ]w  w  w  w  9x  Jx  Kx  x  x  %y  ry  y  y                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       !y  Ez  bz  cz  z  z  ?{  {  {  {  |  ]|  |  |  }  }  5}  }  }  %~  &~  r~  ~  ~  ~  9  W  X      :  ;  e  f                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       !f        8  Q  R    ߁  .  ?  @        ς  Ђ    e       J      *  v            0  x                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         !  ކ  ߆      T  U  q  r        1  a  e      F  {  |  ŉ      4  y        7  A  B  j                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           !    
  U        *  E  F  X      D    ܎        6    я     m            .  /  x  y  đ                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       !đ  ґ  ӑ      (  )  k      @  t    ݓ  ޓ  	  W      6    Ε    %  &  '  q        +  s                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           !    O      Ԙ      H        0  T  U    ߚ  -  |      Z    Ȝ  ɜ        e          a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       !a      #  $  J  K  f          J  K  w  Š  Р  Ѡ    ^  _    ¡  á       !  c      Ģ      2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       !2  X      ɣ      C  D            4  5        ٥      _        3  {      ק      >                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       !>  t  u         E  f  g          2  q  r          J              L          Ȭ  ٬                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       !٬  ߬      .  /  f  g          >  ?    Ү       N      ˯  ү  ӯ    c  l  m          5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         !      ߱  )  *  +  x      K  L      J  V  W          [      @  E  F    ɶ  ʶ    ?  @                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         !    ͷ    &  '  u  ĸ      @    ܹ      <  =          P          3  j  k        )  8                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       !8  9  i  j      I      ,  x  ƿ    \        
  U  V      1        j      D      /  }                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       !}      \  {  |        2  3          ,  -  R  S        
    J  K  Z  n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   !    7  8  c  e            H          /  [  \             +  w            N  O                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         !      ;      -  U          "  6  7  ~            ?  j  k      K  j  k                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 !        F  L  v  w          N  O          X  c  d        *  R  S              I                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       !I  U  V      O      7  {    
  \            
  L  [  \            H          I  J                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       !J          7  s  t      Z  [    
    V          ;            0  T  U      ?  J  K                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       !K  }        D      !  "  r        4  5              a           9  :  y  z                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             !  >          ;  <              <  =      "  q        #  F  G      
    =      /                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       !/  }        5        e      2  3          5          G          8  9  s  t                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           !  J  K          $  %  j            U          9  :            '  h      K  {                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         !    e            f  r  s        T            A  d  e           ! " >   "                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !" o    5      & s   < =    " n     : ;     % s                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !s    4	 @	 A	 	 	 	 	 *
 0
 1
 m
 
 
 
  1 2 I J      4 j k                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         ! 

 [
 
 
 
 
 0 8 9     N W X     @      \ ]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ! L M    + l m     , - {      e     f      <                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       !      k    ! o w x    I g h     Y      . / d f                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !f      n { |     M N   2 f g      `      ! ! g! u! v! ! ! "                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !" 5" 6" P" Q" " " " " " :# # # # !$ "$ q$ $ $ $ $ % \% % % % 0& T& U& & & & & &                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !& & ' >' ?' ' ' ' 7( 8( u( ( ( ) 3) 4) z) ) ) * 0* 1* y* * 
+ K+ L+ + + ", #, i, , -                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !- P- - - =. P. Q. . . / P/ / / )0 *0 r0 0 0 0 B1 1 1 1 1 1 =2 R2 S2 2 2 2 2 2 K3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !K3 e3 f3 3 3 3 4 44 54 ~4 4 4 5 E5 F5 ]5 5 5 5 ;6 <6 6 6 6 6 D7 T7 U7 7 7 /8 a8 b8 8                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !8 8 8 9 9 [9 9 9 9 9 9 /: 2: 3: |: : : : <; F; G; ; ; ; < T< U< < < "= #= j= = >                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !> O> P> > > > ? ? J? K? ? ? ? ? I@ @ @ @  A 
A A VA A A A 0B B B C C PC vC wC C                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !C D D OD D D .E zE E E E F UF F F F F G G !G %G &G pG G G G G +H 5H 6H ]H ^H H H                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !H #I $I kI I J 'J (J sJ J J J K fK K K K K K 0L IL JL L L L L M M HM IM M M M M                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !M >N N N N O ?O @O O O O O P P mP P Q Q /Q 0Q rQ Q Q R R -R .R |R R R R S S 7S                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !7S 8S XS YS S S :T T T U U UU U U U V ;V <V V V V V V BW QW RW W W W W W $X ZX [X                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      ![X X X BY CY Y Y Y Y Z aZ Z Z Z [ /[ 0[ ~[ [ \ c\ \ \ \ ] S] ] ] ^ ^ K^ i^ j^ ^                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !^ ^ ^ _ U_ V_ _ _ _ 
` $` %` s` ` ` ` ` a Za a a <b ~b b b c Uc Vc c c d d ad id                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !id jd d d d Be oe pe e f f Wf f f g 	g Tg g g g g g Eh h h h h h Ii ui vi i i i                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !i Jj hj ij j j j Ck }k ~k k k k )l ?l @l l l l l =m Qm Rm m m 4n 5n n n n n 0o Jo Ko                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !Ko o o 	p 
p Jp Kp p p p p :q Hq Iq q q 3r r r r r 6s s s s s 5t |t t t t Du u u                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !u u "v kv uv vv v v v 8w w w w w w w 1x yx x 
y Sy y y y *z wz z z z *{ m{ n{ { |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !| | N| | | } } g} } } } %~ ;~ <~ ~ ~ ~ ~ * a b   I m n  
 R    :                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ! ̂  a   Ӄ   = >    ݄   U   =     6  ʇ  d   N                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ! 5     1 2 s  
 U   =  ׍   l     c   J     3  ˑ                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !ˑ  e    ? \ ]   = >      `       M  Ö Ė  
 H x y                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       !  Y  Ϙ И  i   ; <  ך    m    / 0 m      d w x Ɲ                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ! ]    <  ß 
 [     ! c    7 L M      ? @ [ \   2 3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !3  Ф   l    5      D r s   T     P   6  ˪   R                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !R Z [   % & o    S   ŭ ƭ 
 S l m   ݮ , W X  į ů  _ t u ð                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !ð   _ ~  ı  $ % q    . [ \     K   Դ   J Q R   ˵                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ! - . q   Q R S         . I b {    θ 
   > U m                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ! Թ    $ 8 Q ] k     Ϻ    6 K Y Z r   ڻ   	 ! 3 ] h i                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !i t   ʼ ټ     ! 4 F e      ǽ      , D j {   о                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        !   * G H O h      Ϳ    4 c ~          	  / ? X                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !X x y          - C i j t        6 i }                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             ! 2 Y i y         	  7 R _ l {          , - 9 M \ ]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !] p          ' = > e       + H d e                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               !   ( C E F G P Q R {      / Z [ p      . / 0 E   1 x                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !x      
 <     7      . z     / u v     C D E                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !E ]         O P Q ^   J i j k       9 : ; V    6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !6       9 : ; L M c d e v      `     7 8 V                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ! " # $ N n o p ~     N      " Q     Q     G _ a b                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !b         I | }      # $ a b c    + j k   N   + u                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !                                                                                              u   ! " e f   =    O P   ' r    K     4 h i   6 n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !n o    ' s    " m  
 V   >    	 g h    " n   >                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        !   A y z   I     & h      N |    2 R r     5 b                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       !    K z    P     . ^      . \     6 g     G s                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !s     = k    ? a     S      ;  h         K |   	 - Q                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       !    ' O r   	 < o    - b     = k    # Q     Z                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       !    	 N	 }	 	 	 

 9
 g
 
 
 
  7 h     E i    ,
 i
 
 
 
 - `                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !`     ? w   - Q    
 =     Q    7 j     K                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         ! - i    L    	 9 i    1 ^     O r   
 1 U     H                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !H     V    0 Y     ( V     F    &  Z        "! P! ! !                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !! ! " [" " " # G# }# # # # $ *$ L$ $ $ % :% x% % % 0& d& & & ' R' ' ' ( >( z( (                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !( ( ') `) ) ) ) * 0* T* * * * + K+ + + + ", V, , , - N- - - - 8. q. . . "/ b/ /                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !/ / 0 B0 ~0 0 0 51 l1 1 1 +2 j2 2 2 3 Z3 3 3 4 C4 4 4 4 =5 |5 5 5 '6 `6 6 6 7 N7                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !N7 7 7 8 J8 8 8 
9 J9 9 9 : F: : : : ; <; v; ; ; ; ; ; ; J< [< < < #= Z= o= = =                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      != = = = = > #> ;> W> i> > > ? 6? R? j? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ;@ U@ @ @ @ @ @ A +A AA WA                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !WA lA A A A A A A B )B <B MB rB B B B B B C C 0C EC bC C C C C C C D %D ;D qD D                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !D D D D $E PE |E E E E E E E F (F <F SF jF F F F F G 0G GG ^G uG G G G G G H *H                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !*H EH `H {H H H H H I I /I FI cI wI I I I J &J <J SJ iJ J J J J J J K =K VK oK K K                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !K K K K L ,L @L VL L L L L M &M ?M XM qM M M M M M N &N RN qN N N N N 
O /O NO fO                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !fO O O O O O O O O P *P ,P .P 1P 3P `P P P Q *Q sQ Q Q  R 5R VR R R S 5S S S S )T                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !)T oT T T T U IU sU U U #V NV V V V W ?W W W X OX X X X Y DY qY Y Y :Z NZ Z Z Z                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !Z [ ?[ \[ {[ [ [ \ K\ ~\ \ \ .] 0] 3] 5] p] ] ] ] @^ ^ ^ ^ ^ _ ?_ c_ _ _ ` (` B` [`                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      ![` ` ` %a ra a a a a a a b /b ab b b c (c Oc rc c c c d 7d ~d d d d (e Se se e e                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !e e f 5f jf f f g .g _g g g h Dh }h h h  i ni i i j Ej `j j j k 7k dk k k k k "l                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !"l [l l l l l l l 0m Um qm m m m n )n Hn |n n o /o Qo o o o Fp Pp op p p p 7q [q yq                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !yq q q q $r mr r r  s Hs s s s 
t ;t Zt pt t t  u [u u u v 0v Tv v v w Uw |w w w w                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !w $x Rx tx x x x y -y cy y y y z Mz zz z z { 6{ }{ { { { { | 1| S| | | | | } )}                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !)} Z} } } ~ Z~ }~ ~ ~ ~ $ n     6 W   ߀  7 o     L N Q S v                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ! ɂ  2 P    E a   Ʉ 
 ( D c   ȅ  ? H } Ɔ   Z     ׇ                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       !  7 W   	 ' n  ۉ  P r      ׊ $ e   ŋ  + v  ، 
 @ a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ! ȍ  L f   ܎  F l  ӏ Տ ؏ ڏ  G |  ː  . ]     L  В   d                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !d o  Г  ) G x  ǔ   @ p  ĕ   0 ^  ޖ  1 3 6 8 h   ח  - i                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !i    Ø Ř 	 . M k     ̙   5 Q {  ښ  ) ` ~    1 B  ˜                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ! 2 H      ԝ  P     0 ^  ҟ   ? d  à  % U   ӡ   ) U                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !U  ֢   ? e  ţ  / s    V   ڥ " K n  ¦   ? v  Ч ҧ է ק                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ! ' j   ר   9 ^    4    5 b d g i  ׫  % A {    ! X y                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       !  ׭ $ R       = k  ԯ   G   ܰ   k u ± ̱  ( o   ۲                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ! G q  ̳  ? e  ִ  N o  ɵ  . T u  ڶ  N  ·  
 + I s    %                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !% R s     0 b    ĺ ƺ  & f      ֻ  @ o  ˼  , f   (                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !( k {  ߾  . `   ( B b    	 6 8 ; = ~   , i     ^                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         ! S     C     G Z     Z     J v    7 Z     ;                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !; n       L s      # % Z     U     B k    ? j                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         ! N    
 4 6 9 ; d    + i     C   
 % A ^      O m                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !m         Q o     - N    % @ g     0 W z                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ! $ R w    ?         L h     4 [    ( g     A                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !A c      < > A C     7 a     7 9 = ? A ~      " @ j                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !j v     = l     H u w x y     G   ) V     j    E                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !E F u v      " Z   % }  
 A     r s      O                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          !  ( 3 J \ l   ? O       & A U g       	  e n { |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ! i      / O P d z   , x    M N i    
    5 X    4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !4 5 E X    7 _      ' ^ t      , > X       / X g                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      !g       V j     ( n ~      b    +  z         Q                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        !  L d e           * N O P v                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            v   v     s      %K     K        @  Normal     a	                   " A@ " Default Paragraph Font                                                                                              @                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
   	           F   Microsoft Word 6.0 Document 
   MSWordDoc    Word.Document.6 9q                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              